I'JlS] METEOROLOGY. 717 



Kiucer (see p. 710) ; A GrapMc Summary of Seasonal Work on Farm Crops 

 (illus.), by O. E. Baker, C. F. Brooks, and R. G. Il.-iinswortli (Abs.) ; Dufrenoy's 

 Observations of the Temperatures of Plants In Sunlight and Shade; Note on 

 the Heating of Plants in Sunlight as a Factor in Growth, by D. A. Seeley ; 

 Measuring the Temperature of Leaves, by B. B. Shreve (reprinted rev.) ; 

 Alfalfa Growing in Western South Dakota (illus.), by H. N. Johnson; and 

 Alfalfa Seed Growing and the Weather, in Utah, by J. C. Alter (see p. 732). 



No. 6. — Some Observations on Temperatures and Winds at Moderate Ele- 

 vations Above the Ground (illus.), by V. E. Jakl; Results of Some Empiric 

 Researches as to the General Movements of the Atmosphere (illus.), by H. H. 

 Kildebrandsson (translation) ; General Circulation of the Atmosphere, by L. 

 Gangoiti (Abs.) ; Thunderstorm at Tulsa, Okla., June 6, 1919 (illus.), by J. A. 

 Keihle: Tornado at Fergus Falls, Minn., June 22, 1919 (illus.) ; Hailstorms in 

 South Carolina, June 8 and 9, 1919 (illu.s.), by R. H. Sullivan; Suggestions 

 as to the Conditions Precedent to the Occurrence of Summer Thunderstorms, 

 with Special Reference to That of June 14, 1914 (illus.), by J. Fairgrieve 

 (Abs.) ; Wind Stratification Near a Large Thunderstorm (illus.), by L. A. 

 Warren; Pressure Fluctuations During a Thunderstorm (illus.), by E. F. 

 Pigot; Mamma to-Cunuilus Clouds and Thunderstorm at Binghamton, N. Y., 

 June 24, 1914 (illus.). by J. R. Weeks; Types of Mammato-Cumulus Clouds 

 (illus.), by C. F. Brooks; Cloud Shadows (illus.), by H. H. Martin; Measuring 

 Visibility, by A. H. Thiesseu ; The Aurora of March 7-8, 1918 (illus.), by 

 H. Lyman and C. F. Brooks; Wolfer Provisional Sun-spot Relative Numbers; 

 The Weather Data Needed by Eclipse Exiieditions (reprinted) ; Land and Sea 

 Breezes in the Vicinity of Corpus Christi Bay, Tex. (illus.), by C. E. Hecka- 

 lliorn; Laud and Sea Breezes at Bayonne, France, by M. Rouch (Abs.); The 

 Sea Breeze on the Coast of Catalonia, by E. Fontsere (reprinted rev.) ; Land 

 and Sea Breezes at Sierra Leone (reprinted) ; The First Successful Non-stop 

 Trans- Atlantic Flight, by W. R. Gregg; Ocean W^eather Reports and Forecasts 

 for Aviators (I'eprinted) ; New World's Airplane Altitude Record; A New 

 Recension of Aristotle's Meteorology, by F. H. Fobes (Rev.) ; Lord Rayleigh, 

 Meteorologist, 1842-1919; Richard H. Curtis, 1847-1919 (reprinted); Unifica- 

 tion of the Asti'onomical with the Meteorological Day (reprinted) ; Further 

 Note on the Hurricane of August 6. 1918 (illus.), by R. A. Dyke; Panama 

 Rainfall (illus.), by H. G. Cornthwaite; and Panama Cloud Phenomena (re- 

 printed). 



Uncle Sam's dampest corner, G. K. Larrison {U. S. Mo. Weather Rev., 1ft 

 (1919), No. 5, pp. 303-305, pis. 2, figs. 2). — Measurements by engineers of the 

 U. S. Geological Survey of rainfall in the Hawaiian Islands, at various eleva- 

 tions up to more than 5,000 ft., showed tliat during a period of nearly five 

 years the average annual rainfall on Mount Waialeale, elevation ,5,080 ft., was 

 476 in. The records show a great contrast in amounts of rainfall at stations 

 only a few miles apart but varying considerably in altitude or exposure. Special 

 forms of rain gauges and methods used in obtaining the records are described. 



"As a rule November, December, March, and April are the wettest months, 

 although the rule is not ' hard and fast,' and records are available showing just 

 the reverse. A comparison of local records with those on the mainland north- 

 west indicates no relation whatever in seasonal precipitation . . . B[awaiian 

 precipitation is also of the ' showery ' class, and heavy rains rarely last more 

 than a few hours. The applicability of the general rule — that even in wet 

 periods heavy downpours lasting a few minutes are interspersed with .short 

 periods of sunshine — varies considerably with the altitude and location. In 

 the upper valleys, with fev/ exceptions, showers are daily occurrences, even in 



