672 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. [Vol.41 



Government market reports on live stock and meats, J. Atkinson {U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1918, pp. S79-S9S). — The activities and policies of the 

 Bureau of Markets in making periodical reports on fresh and stored meats 

 and on live-stock shipments are explained, and illustrated by sample reports. 

 The value of publicity in these matters, both to producers and to consumers, is 

 pointed out. 



Saving of meat-storage and shipping space {Jour Agr. [New Zeal.], 15 

 (1917), No. 1, pp. 16-19, figs. 4). — A space-saving method of preparing mutton 

 carcasses is reported. The carcass is hung by the fore-legs and the hind part 

 cut off just behind the saddle and inserted in the thoracic cavity. 



Country hides and skins, C. V. Whalin, R. W. Fkey, F. P. Veitch, and R. W. 

 Hickman (U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1055 {1919), pp. 64, figs. 46).—This 

 is a joint contribution from the Bureaus of Markets, Chemistry, and Animal 

 Industry, and its main purpose is to provide farmers and small butchers with 

 detailed directions for the skinning, salting, curing, shipping, and marketing 

 of hides and skins. The market classes and grades of both packer and country 

 hides and skins are also defined, and the main defects of country hides and 

 skins, and the economic waste resulting from faulty practices, are indicated. 

 Statistical information in tabular and graphical form as to market prices and 

 price fluctuations is included in an appendix. 



Tandler and Keller on the freemartin, F. R. Lillie {Science, n. ser., 50 

 {1919), No. 1286, pp. 183, 18^). — Attention is called to the fact that J. Tandler 

 and K. Keller in a brief paper' published in 1911 anticipated certain of the 

 author's observations (E. S. R., 40, p. 466), first announced in 1916, by finding 

 that tvpin cattle fetuses are inclosed in a common chorion and generally have a 

 joint circulatory system (as shown by examination and injection), and that if 

 the tvidns are of opposite sexes and their vascular systems are united the female 

 has typical freemartin genital organs. 



Creatin excretion in ruminants, J. B. Orb {BiocJiem. Jour., 12 {1918), No. 3, 

 pp. 221-230). — The author reports the creatin, creatinin, and total nitrogen 

 excreted (1) by an ewe not in milk, a he-goat, and a lactating slie-goat under 

 normal feeding conditions (hay, oats, bran, and turnips) and (2) by another 

 she-goat in both a lactating and a nonlactating condition during similar mixed 

 feeding and during high carbohydrate feeding (potatoes). 



During normal mixed feeding the creatin excretion of this latter doe was 

 0.51 gm. per day when in milk, and 0.14 gm. when dry. After several days of 

 potato feeding no creatin appeared in the urine even during lactation, although 

 the milk yield diminished. The creatinin remained approximately constant — 

 about 0.9 gm. per day — throughout the change In feed, and was the same in the 

 lactating as in the nonlactating stage. 



These experiments are compared with observations of workers who have 

 made the reverse experiment and found creatin in the urine following carbo- 

 hydrate privation in the case of animals that do not ordinarily excrete it. It 

 is held that the body tissues constantly produce creatin from some source other 

 than protein, either endogenous or exogenous, and that this creatin is utilized 

 in connection with carbohydrate metabolism. 



On several effects of feeding small quantities of Sudan III to young albino 

 rats, S. Hatai {Jour. Expt. Zool., 26 {1918), No. 1, pp. 101-111, figs. 3).— Mouth 

 old rats were fed Sudan III (Grubler's), dissolved in olive oil, for upwards of 

 80 days. Litter mates furnished the controls in each series, 135 youug from 

 19 litters being the total experimented with. 



»Deut. Tierilrztl. Wchnschr., 19 (1911), No. 10, pp. 148, 149. 



