738 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.41 



rots than were secured with ordinary cultivation. Keeping these crops clean by 

 hand weeding as compared with no cultural treatment increased the yield of 

 turnips 153 per cent, of kohl-rabi 131 per cent, and of carrots 193 per cent. In 

 all these tests also higher yields of foliage were recorded whei-e the crops were 

 kept free from weeds. 



The results of tests with cultivated and uncultivated fallow are reported as 

 largely in favor of cultivation, either on the level or in ridges. Ridging the 

 fallow together with deep plowing in 1917 resulted in 1918 in an increase of 

 134.5 per cent of grain and of 80 per cent of potatoes as compared with the 

 yields secured on the uncultivated fallow. On the level or flat cultivated fal- 

 low the corresponding increases in yield were 102.3 and 85 per cent. The pro- 

 portion of straw in the grain crops was decreased on both types of cultivated 

 fallow. 



HORTICULTTTRE. 



Report of the professor of horticulture, r. J. Shaw (Ann. Kpt. Sec. Agr. 

 Nova Scotia, 1918, pt. 1, pp. 75-100, pi. 1). — Notes on cultural and varietal ex- 

 periments with fruits and vegetables conducted at the Nova Scotia Agricultural 

 College Farm. 



A comparative study of the development of lettuce in the sunshine and in 

 the shade, L. Daniel {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris'], 168 (1919), No. IS, pp. 

 69Jf-697). — During the years 1917 and 1918 the author grew lettuce plants of 

 the same kind in similar soils, one plat being in the open light and the other 

 in the shade. 



Observations made on the plants of both plats showed that the attenuated 

 light caused the orbicular leaves of the rosette to become elongated and, at the 

 same time, tended to prevent heading. This effect increased as the light was 

 reduced. In other respects, when the optimum exists for the various other 

 development factors, the lettuce behaves like other plants submitted to attenu- 

 ated light. There is a direct correlation between the respective developments of 

 the vegetative and reproductive parts. If the water supply is reduced the in- 

 hibitory action of the light on growth under semishade is more or less quickly 

 compensated, then destroyed. The height of the plant is reduced at the same 

 time that the sexual reproductive faculties rapidly weaken. Therefore, within 

 the limits of optimum illumination, there must be a complete harmony of other 

 development factors, especially water supply, to assure the maximum of de- 

 velopment. 



Acclimatization trials of Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus), E. Mathteu 

 (Garden's Bui. Straits Settlements, 2 (1919), No. ^, pp. 121-129).— Notes are 

 given on tests conducted with several American varieties of Lima beans in the 

 Straits Settlements during the years 1918-19. Two subsequent generations of 

 seed raised in the Straits Settlements from the imported seed were also tested. 

 Results in genei-al indicate that the bean has not suffered degeneration through 

 change of climate and habitat, and it may now be considered as acclimatized. 



The influence of soil on the saccharine content of cider apples, A. Trttelle 

 (Ann. Sci. Ayron., 4. ser., 8 (1919), No. 4-6, pp. 107-116). — Analyses collected 

 during several years are given of cider apples grown on plateau, hillside, and 

 valley soils. A study of these data as a whole indicates that soil situation has 

 only a relatively small influence on the sugar content of the apple. 



A further note on the genetics of Fragaria, C, W. Richabdson (Jour. 

 Genetics, 7 (1918), No. 3, pp. 167-170). — In continuation of a previous note 

 (E. S. R., 30, p. 740), notes are given on crossing experiments with strawber- 

 ries, which were started in 1910. In addition to a discussion of character 



