1919] RURAL ECONOMICS. 793 



The economic revival of Italy, L. Marchetti, trans, by M. Sindici {Turin, 

 Italy: Unione Tipograflco-Editrice Torinense, 1918, pp. 91, pis. 7, figs. 20). — This 

 describes the production of wheat, corn, rice, wine, special export products, and 

 raw materials, and other phases of Italy's agricuhural industry. Recent devel- 

 opments of Italian manufacturing and commerce and Italy's problems of finance 

 are described and illustrated, and the fact is brought out that the nation is 

 undergoing a transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy. 



Russia: Her economic past and future, J. M. Goldstein {New York: Russ. 

 Inform. Bur., 1919, pp. 99-\-IV, pis. Jf, figs. 65). — The author states that the 

 capital invested in industry in Russia was very insignificant under the bureau- 

 cratic regime, and that not until local self-government bodies, created after the 

 liberation of the peasants, learned that subsidies were indispensable to the 

 economic development of a country did agricultural industries show any marked 

 progress. He shows by means of numerous diagrams Russia's production of 

 grain foodstuffs, role in the world market, cattle raising, industrial production, 

 foreign trade, principal items of export and import, grain elevators, etc., in 

 comparison with that of other countries, particularly with the United States. 

 The study includes also a survey of canals, ports and their trade, and railroads, 

 with proposed improvement and expansion. Russian banking and its recent 

 development are described and illustrated to emphasize the extent to which 

 capital was being invested in Russian enterprises just prior to the war. The 

 purpose of this study is to urge the strategic necessity to Russia of the invest- 

 ment of capital there by the Allies, and particularly by England and the United 

 States. 



Agricultural extension in Spain, G. F. de la Rosa {Bol. Agr. T4c. y Econ., 

 9 {1911), Nos. 106, pp. 925-935; 101, pp. 981-993; 108, pp. 1086-1098) .—The 

 author discusses past efforts at agricultui'al federation in Spain and proposes 

 the establishment of institutes for agricultural extension, one for each of the 

 several districts into which the country would be divided. He suggests that the 

 functions of these bodies should be the determination by a survey of geographic, 

 meteorological, and economic conditions of the local needs of their respective 

 communities, and the adaptation to those needs of lectures and demonstrations. 



[Rural credit, cooperation, and insurance in the Philippines] {Philippine 

 Agr. Rev., 12 {1919), No. 2, pp. 60-68). — The status of 82 rural credit associa- 

 tions is indicated in a table showing the distribution, capital stock, and capital 

 paid at incoi-poration. A report is made of the work of these associations, 

 services of rural credit agents, and results of organization of this type. Proj- 

 ects under the direction of the cooperative organization and cooperative market- 

 ing sections of the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture and the activity of the 

 Animal Insurance Board in securing data concerning the local market value of 

 work animals preparatory to administering the Work Animals Insurance Act 

 are also described. 



A study of the origins, the functions, and the achievements of agricultural 

 syndicates, E. Damecoub {Etude svr les Origines, I'Action et les CEuvres des 

 Syndicats Agricoles. Coutances, [France]: J. BelUe, 1918, pp. 31). — The func- 

 tions of French syndical societies for purchase and sale, education, credit, insur- 

 ance against live-stock loss, fire, and accident, and establishment of pension 

 funds are described. 



[Classification principles and results as regards necessary agricultural and 

 industrial workers] {War Dept. [U. S.], Rpt. Provost Marshal Gen., Oper. 

 Selective Serv. System, 2 {1911-18), pp. 135-W, 159, 401, 419).— A description 

 of the system of deferments and furloughs, with selections from the Selective 

 Service Regulations and the War Department General Orders, is given. 



