774 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. I Vol. 41 



correlation. The correlation was —0.411 ±0.117 in the case of the 23 birds 

 with beak, legs, and vent colored yellow, and +0.532 ±0.114 in the case of the 

 18 in which these organs were pale. 



Mainly on the basis of these determinations some of the conclusions of Warner 

 and Edmond are criticized, and these authors are also charged with ignoring 

 prior work of Lawrence and Riddle (E. S. R., 37, p. 773). 



Blood fat in fowls, D. E. Wabneb and H. D. Edmond (Jour. Biol. Chem., 

 Sit {1918), No. 1, pp. 171-174). — This is a reply to criticisms of Riddle and 

 Harris (noted above). 



The authors state that they do not consider a correlation to be marked 

 unless the absolute value of the coefficient is 0.3 or more and is at least G 

 times the size of the probable error. They also hold that the work of Law- 

 rence and Riddle " does not fulfil the requirements for carefully controlled 

 experimental study" inai^much as (1) only 3 males, 3 nonlaying females, and 

 5 laying females were used, (2) four different breeds were represented and 

 several of the birds were mongrels, (3) the ages varied from 11 months to 

 4 years and are vaguely designated, and (4) the blood samples were not all col- 

 lected at the same season of the year. 



Fertilization of hens' eggs, D. F. Laurie (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 22 

 (1919), No. 6, pp. 459-Jf6Jt). — In November, 1918, 6 hens that had been isolated 

 from male birds for several months were each allowed to mate once. Two 

 laid fertile eggs up to the fifteenth day afterwards, 2 until the fourteenth day, 

 and 2 laid only infertile eggs. A previously published table (E. S. R., 29, 

 p. 574), showing the continued production of fertile eggs by flocks of hens up 

 to the seventeenth day after the removal of the cock, is reprinted, but with 

 the date of observation changed from the summer (December, 1911, and 

 January, 1912) to the spring (October and November, 1911). 



Experiments in caponizing fowls, D. F. Laurie {Jour. Dept. Agr. South 

 Aust., 22 {1918), No. 1, pp. ^0-43). — The post mortem examination is reported 

 of several cocks which had been incompletely castrated as cockerels, and 

 which had subsequently developed the secondary sexual characters and be- 

 havior of typical males. In the cases where both testes had been operated on, 

 it was found that a mutilated piece had continued to function and often had 

 grown into a more or less normal testis. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



The consumption of milk in the United States, L. B. Cook {Ann. Rpt. Inter- 

 natl. Assoc. Dairy and Milk Insp., 5 {1916), pp. 28i-285).— Replies to a question- 

 naire regarding milk consumption and milk prices ."-ent out by the Dairy Divi- 

 sion of the U. S. Department of Agriculture to cities in the United States are 

 summarized by geographical (census) divisions. In general, regions where 

 the price was high reported a low per capita consumption. 



Ice cream, a factor in dairying, R. M. Washburn {Milk Mag., 7 (1919), No. 

 Jf, pp. 16, 52). — The author estimates that the amount of butterfat consumed 

 annually in the United States as ice cream is five times as large as the amount 

 of butterfat exported as butter, and holds, therefore, that the summer ice 

 cream trade helps to maintain the price of butterfat during the period of ex- 

 cess milk production. Ice cream is also considered a profitable outlet for the 

 Rolids-not-fat of milk. 



The importance of clean utensils in clean milk production, G. B. Tayt.or 

 (Ann. Rpt. Internatl. Assoc. Dairy and Milk Insp., 6 (19J7). pp. 16^-172). — 

 Physical and bacteriological examinations of a number of 10-gal. shipping cana 



