836 EXPERIMENT STATION' RECORD. [Vol. 41 



The author concluded that ]>roper].v enforced State laws were of much im- 

 portance to the apple hidustry, and that a National law establishing one 

 standard for nil sections seemed highly desirable and practicable. 



Controlling' important fungus and insect enemies of the pear in the humid, 

 sections of the Pacific Northwest, D. F, Fisher and E. J. Newcomer {U. S. 

 Dcpt. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1056 {1919), pp. 34, figs. 18). — This describes the more 

 important fungus and insect enemies of the pear in the region mentioned, and 

 gives directions for combating them. It also tells how to prepare the spray 

 materials needed and how to apply them. A spraying schedule, showing con- 

 cisely when and with what to spray, is included. 



Pruning' experiments, F. S. Chambers (Proc. Amer. Cranberry Groicers' 

 Assoc, 48 {1918), pp. 3-7, fig. 1). — An account is given of pruning experiments 

 conducted with the Early Black cranberi-y at Whitesbog, N. J. 



In December, 1915, six plats were pruned in different ways and six left an 

 check plats. Heavy pruning produced a shorter and more satisfactory vine 

 growth, slightly reduced the crop in 1916, but greatly increased it the follow- 

 ing season. The greatest improvement in both vines and crop was produced 

 by removing nearly all of the runners and leaving a good stand of uprights. 

 The excessive pruning of vines resulted in only slight improvement. Pruning 

 also apparently reduced the percentage of injury by frost and by fungus 

 diseases. 



Spoilage of cranberries after picking, C. L. Shear {Wis. State Cranberry 

 Groicers' Assoc. [Proc.]. 31 {1918), pp. 27-39). — In this paper the author briefly 

 calls attention to the results of studies conducted by the U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture in cooperation with the Massachusetts Experiment Station, deal- 

 ing particularly with the spjilage of cranberries by fungus rots or premature 

 death of the fruit caused by rapid ripening or suffocation. It is pointed out 

 that in order to lessen the amount of spoilage from these causes the cranberries 

 should be cooled as quickly as possible after picking, stored in a cool, well- 

 ventilated place, and handled carefiilly to avoid bruising. Ventilated packages 

 .shcrald be u.sed, especially for early shipments. 



The reduction of cranberry losses between field and consumer, C. L. Sheab, 

 N. E. Stevens, and R. B. Wilcox {Proc. Amer. Cranbeiry Growers' Assoc., 48 

 {1918), pp. 7-10). — A contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. 

 Department of Agriculture, in which the authors brielly consider the various 

 operations to which cranberries are subjected in marketing them and the evi- 

 dences of injury from bruising as shown by the keeping quality of the fruit. 



" Reversion " and resistance to " big bud " in black currants, A. H. Lees 

 {Univ. Bristol, Ann. Rpt. Agr. and Hort. Research Sta., 1918, pp. 25-28). — A 

 summary of a study noted from another source (E. S. 11., 41, p. 241), 



Raspberry growing- on small holdings, .T. M. Hodge {Jour. Bd. Agr. [Lo^v- 

 don], 26 {1919), Xo. 4, pp. 396-410, pis. 2). — An account of tv%'o colonies of rasp- 

 berry growers established in Scotland several years ago, with special reference 

 to the financial results attained by the average small holder in the colonies. 



Report on the activity of the viticulture station at Auvernier for the year 

 1917-18, C. GoDET {Ann. Agr. Suisse, 20 {1919), No. 23. pp. 1-55, figs. 6').— In 

 addition to a report on routine operations, data are given on pruning, training, 

 and intercropping experiments, as well as experiments in the control of mildew 

 and Cochylis. Must analyses made at the station, together with analyses of 

 the station wines, are also included. 



Native fruits of North Dakota, L. R. Waldkon {Minn. Hort., 47 {1919), No. 

 11. pp. 426-4-1.',, Jigs:. S). — The author calls attention to the practical importance 

 for North Dakota of such fruits as the buffalo-berry, sand cherry, Mis.souri 

 currant, and other wild fruits. 



