1919] EURAL eco:n'omics. 889 



of opportunity, substitution, and dissemination of manufacturing are touched 

 upon to show the farmer's need for organization. 



Economic questions, A. Costa (Questoes Economicas. Rio de Janeiro: Min. 

 Agr., Indus., e Com., 191S, pp. X+374).—This is a study of the principal crops, 

 the live-stock industry, finance, transportation facilities, cost of living, foreign 

 trade and tariff policy, and related phases of the economic development of 

 Brazil. 



The appeal of the land, J. H. Ricakd {L'Appel de la Terre. Paris: Payot <& 

 Co., 1919, pp. 399, i)ls. 8). — In this volume are collected contributions by the 

 author, under the pseudonym of Fran<^ois Leterrien, published in the Paris 

 Echo weekly between December 7, 1915, and January 2, 1918. Topics touched 

 upon in these essays include the role of associations and private initiative, 

 agricultural labor, cultivation by motor power, the inci'eased food supply, man- 

 agement for agriculture, Government responsibility and intervention, the return 

 to the land, and others. 



The improvement of the Rhone and agriculture, L. Bernakd {Vie Agr, et 

 Rurale, 9 (1919), No. 38, pp. 201-203, figs. 2).— The advantages to French agri- 

 culture that would result from certain improvements for the development of 

 navigation, water power, and irrigation along the Rhone, proposed by the in- 

 terdepartmental commission and recently considered at a special congress 

 held June 1 and 2, 1919, at Grenoble are discussed here. 



Give the land to the soldiers, E. Buron (Donnez des Terres aux Soldats. 

 Paris: Editions Bossard, 1919, pp. 188). — The author cites examples of the 

 opportunities oifered by Great Britain for soldier settlements at home and in 

 her oversea dominions. He reviews old and recent legislation of France in- 

 tended to bring about the assembling of parcelled holdings, and describes vari- 

 ous lands of France which are or might be made available for distribution to 

 soldiers as well as the steps to be followed in offering them for settlement. 



The after-war settlement and employment of ex-service men in the over- 

 sea dominions, H. R. Haggard {London: The Saint Catherine Press, 1916, pp. 

 68). — This is the report of the author to the Royal Colonial Institute of a tour 

 of England's oversea dominions, made eai'ly in 1916, to ascertain the facilities 

 the various governments were prepared to give as regards land settlement 

 and employment to British ex-service men who might wish to settle in them 

 after the war. 



Employment and natural resources, B. MacKaye {Washington: U. S. Dept. 

 Labor, 1919, pp. IJfJf, pis. 10, figs. 10). — This is a consideration of possibilities 

 of providing alternative and permanent employment on agricultural and forest 

 lands of the United States. The original, actual, and potential utilization of 

 the territory of the United States is geographically outlined, and the salient 

 principles determining the success of land utilization by returned soldiers 

 and the methods of applying them on agricultural and forest lauds are dis- 

 cussed in detail. Principles applying to the use of agricultural soil relate to 

 community cooperation, reclamation, ready-made farms, credit, limitation of 

 farm areas, and land tenure. 



Australian and other systems of land settlement are described, and Aus- 

 tralian land legislation is frequently referred to as advanced and as having 

 been developed to meet conditions similar to those on the American Continent. 

 The question of payment charged for the use of land is taken up on the basis 

 of the income to be derived from the farming industry. 



The farm labor outlook for 1919, G. I. Christie {Jour. Farm Econ., 1 {1919), 

 No. 1, pp. 8-11). — A forecast of the probable 1919 crop acreage, the demobiliza- 

 tion of men from the Army, return of laborers from war manufacturing plants 

 to the farm, demands for labor on public works, etc., is briefly considered. 



