1919] KURAL ECONOMICS. 893 



[Agricultural statistics of France] (Ann. Statis. [Fra^icel, 35 (1916-1918), 

 pp. 209-232). — Summary tables are given showing the areas sown and yields of 

 wheat, rye, oats, barley, corn, potatoes, vines, rice, and cotton, and the numbers 

 of live stock in France and in foreign countries during the period 1850-1918. 



Russia: Its trade and commerce, edited by A. RAFFALOvacH (London: P. S. 

 King & Son, Ltd., 1918, pp. IX +^61).— Chapters on agriculture by J. J. Pel- 

 feroff, on poultry farming and fodder grass, and on the cultivation of cotton, 

 flax, hemp, sugar beet, tobacco, wine, hops, and fruit by N. Malahovsky and A. 

 Isenberg give statistics of production and exports of principal crops and live 

 stock in Russia in the first 15 years of the twentieth century, with brief notes 

 on land tenure and the development of the various agricultural industries and 

 regions in which they are important. Mining and other industries are de- 

 scribed, and discussions of internal transport trade, foreign trade, public finance 

 by M. Bogolepoff, and money and credit are also included. 



Agricultural and pastoral South Africa, F. D. MacDermott (So. African 

 Jour. Indus., 2 (1919), Nos. 5, pp. 419-435; 6, pp. 505-518).— The general cul- 

 tural conditions in the different Provinces of the Union of South Africa are 

 described. It is concluded that this region is preeminently a stock-raising 

 country, that the weak spot in the agricultural outlook is that of the supply of 

 breadstuffs, and that opportunities for further development lie in the produc- 

 tion of mealies or maize, the cultivation of vineyards and citrus fruits, the 

 production of wool and mohair, cotton and other fibers, and tobacco, and in the 

 dairy industry. The commercial organization of the farm industries of the 

 Union and the encouragement of land settlement are urged. 



Present agricultural problems and colonization in Algeria, G. J. Stotz 

 (Prog. Agr. et Vltic. (Ed. I'Est-Centre), 39 (1918), No. 34, pp. 181-186) .—Con- 

 cluding the study previously noted (E. S. R., 40, p. 487), the author urges con- 

 centration of effort by European colonists upon the better land of the country, 

 and organization for supplying capital, buying and selling, transportation, 

 agricultural research, and education. A table is given showing the population, 

 total area, and total productive area, also the production of crops and live stock 

 per area in Australia, Argentina, Canada, the United States, and Algeria. 



Estimates of area and yield of principal crops in India, 1916—1918 (Dept. 

 Statis., India, Est. Area and Yield Princ. Crops India, 1916-17, pp. 2-28; 1917-18, 

 pp. 5-30). — Information previously noted (E. S. R., 39, p. 595) is continued for 

 the later years. 



AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 



Memorandum on the reconstruction of agricultural education in England 

 and Wales, W. Somerviixe, P. H. Foulkes, and C. Crowther (Neivport, Salop, 

 England: Agr. Ed. Assoc. [1919], pp. 64). — In this memorandum the Agricul- 

 tural Education Association of England formulates its views on agricultural 

 education and research. 



As regards elementary agricultural education and county work, it is recom- 

 mended that a dividing line be drawn at the age of 16, the aim of continuation 

 school education up to this age being the improvement of general education 

 with English, arithmetic, and rural science as the essential subjects (with the 

 addition of handicraft or gardening for boys, and domestic science, dressmak- 

 ing, or dairy work for girls). After that age specific agricultural education 

 courses should be provided for those who propose to stay on the farm. Two- 

 year classes devoted primarily to practical agriculture and horticulture (with 

 a limitation of the centralization of such instruction) should be provided 

 locally for those willing and able to carry their education beyond the continua- 



