860 EXPERIMENT STATIOIST RECORD. I Vol. 41 



Eck fistula liver appears to regenerate blood serum proteins more slowly than 

 the normal or even the injured liver. The Eck fistulu liver is smaller than 

 normal, always presents evidence of degeneration (fat), and gives a sub- 

 normal functional test with tetrachlorphthalein." 



This experimental evidence is thought to indicate that the liver is coucerued 

 in maintaining the normal level of the blood serum proteins, which is remark- 

 ably stable in widely varying conditions of health and disease. 



An investigation of changes in the blood and urine resulting from, fatigue, 

 A. B. Hastings {Pub. Health Rpts. [U. S.], 34 (1919), No. 31, pp. 1682-1691, fig. 

 1). — The studies reported were made for the most part on the iirine of men 

 and the blood of dogs, although in a limited number of cases data were ob- 

 tained on both the urine and blood of the same subject. Fatigue was induced 

 in the animals by causing them to run in a revolving wheel, and later in a 

 motor-driven treadmill. Data on the reaction of the urine of men at rest were 

 obtained from men convalescing from minor surgical operations, and on 

 fatigued subjects fronj men engaged in mechanical operations in an automo- 

 bile factory, from men participating in a 12-mile IMarathon race and a 6-day 

 bicycle race and from a man on a 10-mile walk. The reactions of blood plasma 

 and urine were determined electrometrically with a Clark electrode, and the 

 reserve alkali of the blood plasma by the Van Slyke method for the determina- 

 tion of bound carbon dioxid. The character and amount of the food eaten 

 were noted only in the case of the hospital patients. The general results ob- 

 tained were summarized as follows : 



Exercise produced a diminution of the bound carbon dioxid of the blood 

 plasma which, however, did not progi-ess to such a point that the reaction of 

 the plasma was significantly altered. The rate of change of the bound carbon 

 dioxid was a function of the rate and amount of exercise. 



The urine of men engaged in manual labor tended to be of a slightly higher 

 degree of acidity than that of men at rest. The urine of physically strong 

 men was regularly slightly more acid after work than before, while that of 

 physically weak men showed wide variations in reactions from day to day. 

 Intense fatigue invariably resulted in an increase in the H-ion concentration of 

 the urine. 



Experimental scurvy in monkeys, A. Haeden and S. S. Zilva (Jour. Path, 

 and Bad., 22 (1919), No. 3-4, pp. 246-251). — Three experiments are reported in 

 which scurvy was induced in monkeys by the following diets: (1) Fresh beer, 

 steamed wheat germ, and autoclaved bread, rice, and monkey nuts; (2) auto- 

 claved rice, bread, and autoclaved milk; and (3) a diet similar to the first 

 with the substitution of autoclaved milk for the beer. 



In all cases an acute scorbutic condition developed in from three to four 

 months, the symptoms in the first two cases being confirmed by the histological 

 changes noted on autopsy. In the third experiment, the animal was cured in 

 less than a week by the addition of lemon juice treated as described in a 

 previous article (E. S. R., 40, p. 364). 



An investigation of the antiscorbutic value of the raw juices of root vege- 

 tables, with a view to their adoption as an adjunct to the dietary of infants, 

 H. Chick and M. Rhodes (Lancet [London-\, 1918, II, No. 23, pp. 774, 775).— 

 By the usual feeding experiments with guinea pigs, the basal diet being oats 

 and wheat bran ad libitum with 60 cc. of milk autoclaved at 120° C. for one 

 houi", the authors have found raw swede juice to have antiscorbutic properties 

 approximating in value to raw orange juice, protection from scurvy being at- 

 tained with a daily ration of 2.5 cc. The raw juice of carrots was found to be 

 inferior to that of swedes, 20 cc. being required to produce i)rotection from 



