' AGRICULTUr.AL EDUCATION. 93 



mental work Is carried on in 20 counties ; object lessons in more than 16 

 counties; and school gardens, hotbeds, and outdoor experimental farms in more 

 than 8 counties. 



People's high schools in Denmark, C. G. Rathmann {School and Home Ed., 

 33 {1913), No. 2, pp. 51-54, figs. 3). — A brief st^atement concerning the estab- 

 lishment and objects of people's high schools in Denmark is followed by an 

 outline of the daily program at the school at Wallekilde on the island of 

 Zealand, which has an a^-icultural course. 



The g-irls' agricultural school at Berlaer, C. C. Pervieb {Nat. Stockman and 

 Farmer, 37 {1913), No. IS, p. 5, fig. 1). — A brief report is given on this Belgian 

 school, which is solely for teaching practical and theoretical agriculture and 

 dairying to farm girls and is under the supervision of nuns who also teach 

 the girls household work of every kind. The girls do all the work of planting 

 and harvesting on the 30-acre farm and of caring for the dairy herd. A 4-year 

 course is offered, of which the fourth is devoted to agriculture. The govern- 

 ment appropriates ^2.600 per annum for the school. 



Methods in agricultural schools, D. Snedden {Jour. Ed. [Boston], 78 {1913), 

 No. 1, p. 18). — ^Among the questions recommended to be discussed fully at the 

 earliest moment are (1) to what extent should the agricultural school be pre- 

 paratory to colleges in general or to the agricultural college; (2) what should 

 be the character of the land used by the central school of agriculture; and (3) 

 in what ways should the course of study admit of specialization? Each of 

 these questions is here briefly considered. 



The author maintains that 2 types of schools are practicable in Massachu- 

 setts, namely, the agricultural department of an existing high school and the 

 central or county agricultural school. In the former case the agricultural 

 training should be in the hands of one person giving his entire time to this 

 work, and combining in his preparation scientific training with some experience 

 as a practical farmer; (2) all the practical work of the boys should be done 

 on home farms, the school attempting no farming; (3) the instructor should 

 supervise the boys' practical work during the summer months with his vaca- 

 tion in the winter; and (4) each agricultural pupil may also take 1 or 2 studies 

 of a general nature. In the case of the central or county agricultural school, 

 there should be (1) a faculty of such a size as to justify its giving exclusive 

 attention to agricultural (and, possibly, household arts) education; (2) two 

 classes of pupils — those from farmers' homes and those from villages or the 

 city; (3) sufl5cient land to give object lessons on a small scale of good farming 

 and also to provide city boys with opportunity for practical work; and (4) a 

 central location. 



8ee also a previous note (E. S. R., 29, p. 191). 



Problems in the administration and teaching of agriculture, G. A. Brickeb 

 {Texas School Jour., 30 {1913), No. 10, pp. iO-i2).— This paper points out that 

 instruction in agriculture should result in some immediate economic benefit 

 and give the pupil an intelligent desire for farm life; should prepare the 

 boy for continuing the agricultural work in the high school ; and should be 

 adapted to his nature and capacity. Attention is called to the importance of 

 differentiating between agricultural nature study and elementary agriculture. 



The redirection of the rural school, W. R. Habt {Rural Educator, 2 {1913), 

 Nos. 1, pp. Jf, 5, 10, fig. 1; 2, pp. 18-20; 3, pp. 3^-36).— This article discusses 

 in a comprehensive way a number of psychological considerations entering into 

 agricultural instruction, which the author believes increases the productive 

 efficiency of education, aids in disciplining the mind, and satisfies to a large 

 extent the demands of intellectual culture. 



Agricultural training courses for employed teachers, E. R. Jackson {JJ. 8. 

 Dept. Agr. Bui. 7, pp. 17). — In addition to a discussion of the means by which 



