FIELD CKOPS. 33 



constant. Applications of this formula to various fertilizer experiments are 

 presented. 



Determinations of probable errors in field experiments, I. Alexandrowitsch 

 (Mitt. Deut. Landic. Oesell., 28 {19 IS), No. 18, pp. 268-271).— This is a critical 

 discussion of the above. 



Determination of probable errors in field experiments, Harnoth {Mitt. 

 Deut. Landw. GeselL, 28 {1913), Nx). 19, pp. 281-283) .—This is a discussion of 

 the above two articles. 



Methods of testing- varieties, E. Kostecki {Trudy Biuro Prlkl. Bot. {Bui. 

 Angew. Bot.), 5 {1912), No. 7, pp. 177-204, figs. 5).— The first part of this article 

 discusses field methods and the results obtained. The second part considers 

 sources of error in computing and comparing results. The probable error to be 

 reckoned with in an experiment (e) was obtained by extracting the square root 

 of the sum of the square of the apparent errors (i;) divided by the number of 



-• 



n— 1 



Variety tests of field crops, O. Lemmermann et al. {Landio. Jahrh., 42 

 {1912). No. 5, pp. 679-699). — Results are given of tests of numerous varieties 

 of winter rye, winter and spring wheat, oats, field beets, field carrots, and 

 alfalfa. Data are presented in tabular form including meteorological observa- 

 tions. 



Electroculture, J. Escard {Rev. Gen. Sot., 24 {1913), No. 8, pp. 302-309, 

 figs. 5). — The author gives a survey of the work done along this liue since its 

 inception about 1845, including methods and general results. 



Observations on some new methods of g-rowing" cereals, T. Remy and E. 

 Kreplin {Landw. Jahrb., 42 {1912), No. 2, pp. 597-629, fig. i).— This work gives 

 the results of observations on the effect of transplanting to different depths, 

 hilling up transplanted plants, seeding in furrows, and hilling up plants in 

 ordinary field culture, with winter rye, winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, 

 and oats, with special reference to the Demtschinsky method (E. S. R., 27, p. 

 232; 28, p. 632). 



It is noted that great care seemed necessary in seeding with less than the 

 customary quantity of seed, although when this could be done the improved 

 vigor and size of the individual plants commended this practice. 



With winter wheat, winter rye, and spring barley the planting in furrows 

 which were later filled in with soil was slightly favorable, but with spring 

 wheat and oats the injury caused by the frit fly was more marked when the 

 soil c.'ime higher up on the stem than normal. 



All of the cereals showed improved growth by the Demtschinsky method, but 

 spring cereals were more readily damaged by the frit fly. The hand labor 

 involved in this transplanting method made it impractical as a field method. 



Dominant and recessive characters in barley and oat hybrids, R. W. 

 Thatcher {Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Set., 33 {1912), pp. 37-50) .—These experi- 

 ments, which were conducted at the Washington Experiment Station, have 

 shown that " the percentages of proportionate distribution of the various 

 groups, when computed on the basis of spring types, show clearly the domi- 

 nance of hooded over bearded, and of 2-rowed over 6-rowed, characters as noted 

 in preceding crosses. The distribution of 2-rowed, hybrid, and 6-rowed types 

 in both the hooded and bearded classes, showing the characteristic 1:2:1 

 Mendelian ratio and the 26.6 per cent bearded types as compared with 73.4 

 per cent hooded types, furnishes confirmatory evidence that this is a unit 

 pair chaVacter." 



