DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 177 



Feeding- experiments with hay and varying amounts of protein feeds for 

 the dairy cow, J. J. Ott Dp: \'uii:s {\'crsl(t(j Ver. Exphrit. Proefzuivelbocrilerij 

 Hoorn, 1912, pp. 15-37). — In these experiments the protein-rich feeds proved 

 more expensive without yielding an appreciable increase of milli; over the pro- 

 tein-poor feed, and resulted in a lower milk fat percentage. 



North Carolina dairy herd records, W. II. Eaton {Bui. N. C. Dcpt. Agr., 

 34 (1913), ^o. 5, pp. 30, figs. 5). — Yearly tests of 14 North Carolina dairy herds, 

 comprising in all 144 cows, are reported. 



Comparing the economy of production as between large and moderate pro- 

 ducers, it was found that the cows averaging 374 lbs. of milk fat per annum 

 gave annual profits of $68.71 per cow, and produced milk fat at a cost of 17 

 cts. per ix)und, while cows averaging 165 lbs. of milk fat gave profits of $19.85, 

 and the milk fat cost 25 cts. per pound. 



Report of the Richmond-Lewiston Cow Testing" Association, \\. E. Car- 

 boll (Utah Sta. Bid. 127, pp. 193-2^2, figs. S).— During a 2 years' test, involving 

 26 herds, the average yearly milk yield of the highest herd was 9,085 lbs., and 

 the lowest 4.916 lbs. ; the corresponding average yields of milk fat were ooO.l 

 and 197 lbs. During this period the average cost of feed for the highest pro- 

 ducing herd was $44.19 per year ; for the lowest $34.21, while the profit realized 

 from the former w^ns $69.96, and the latter $33.61. A wide variation was found 

 in the yield of milk fat and net returns between cows in the same herd. The 

 difference in milk-fat between the most and least profitable cow in each herd 

 ranged from 40.07 to 324.7 lbs. 



In studying the effect of length of lactation period upon total milk-fat yield 

 it was found that beginning with a dry period of 2 months the yield gradually 

 decreased from 272.7 to 121.7 lbs. when the cows were dry 6 months or over 

 during the year. No correlation was noted between the amount of fat pro- 

 duced the first month and the annual record. Dairy-bred cows led the scrubs 

 in yearly production and in amount of fat given the first month of lactation 

 and showed a decided tendency toward a longer lactation period. The data 

 indicated that a cow for highest production should be dry longer than one 

 month, but that a rest longer than 2 months adds nothing to her powers of pro- 

 duction. Lactation periods of various lengths from 7 to 18.5 months, provided 

 they are preceded and followed by normal dry periods in all cases, seemed to 

 yield the same fat and profit in any given length of time. 



Cows freshening in the fall produced on the average 45.1 lbs. more fat and 

 returned $9.43 more profit above cost of feed during the next 12 months than 

 cows freshening in the spring. The cost of feed was $5.33 more per head for 

 the cows calving in the fall. 



The highest producers were the most profitable. There was a uniform de- 

 crease in net returns with a decreasing milk-fat production. 



Dairy industry in northern Europe, G. Guittonneau (Ann. Inst. Nat. 

 Agron., 2. ser., 12 {1913), No. 1, pp. 41-178, figs. 55).— Part 1 of this report gives 

 the results of a study of the dairy industry in north Germany. Denmark, the 

 Netherlands, and Sweden. In a study of the milk supply of large cities the 

 author deals especially with Copenhagen and Stockholm. In a chapter on the 

 manufacture of butter and cheese descriptions are given of a number of 

 creameries and of the newer forms of creamery equipment and machinery. 

 Notes are also given on the manufacture of casein, milk sugar, and powdered 

 milk. 



Part 2 deals with the organization of the export trade in milk products in 

 the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden. 



Report of the sanitary inspector of the State of Idaho, 1911—12, J. H. 

 Wallis {Bien. Rpt. Idaho Dairy, Food and Sanit. Insp. and State Chem., 5 



