42 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



142) the results of cold storage studies with apples conducted during the past 

 4 years are here reported. 



A number of experiments were made to determine the effect of freezing the 

 apples previous to storage upon their keeping quality in cold storage. It was 

 found that apples which are frozen upon the trees in the fall can be safely- 

 placed in cold storage if they are still sound after having thawed out gradually 

 on the tree before picking. Apples which are frozen in cold or in common 

 storage will not be seriously injured if thawed out below freezing temperature. 



A number of tests were made of cellar as compared with cold storage. As 

 a result of these tests it would seem that where cold storage can be had close 

 at hand it would be economical to store fruit for one or two months at a 

 monthly rate until the cellar storage could be cooled to proper temperatures and 

 then the fruit removed to the cellar. Cellar storage throughout the season in 

 comparison with cold storage kept such varieties as Winesap and Mammoth 

 Black Twig until May 1 in excellent condition, whereas such varieties as 

 Grimes Golden and Jonathan in cellar storage should be marketed before Jan- 

 uary 1. By the use of early cold storage previous to cellar storage the season 

 for Grimes Golden was prolonged to February 1. 



In order to keep well in cold storage the fruit should be thoroughly ripened, 

 well colored, and carefully handled. If the fruit has not been properly ripened 

 delaying the storage after packing for a short time may prove beneficial, pro- 

 viding the weather remains cool. Wrapping the fruit with paper retards the 

 ripening process, prevents bruising in shipment, and delays the appearance of 

 scald, thus lengthening the storage season from 2 weeks to several months 

 according to variety. From an economic standpoint, however, wrappers are 

 out of the question, except for fancy boxed apples or where packed for special 

 purpose in barrels. Other conditions being equal, the package in which the 

 apples are stored has but little influence on their keeping qualities. 



But little difference was found in the keeping qualities of fruit from culti- 

 vated and from sod orchards. Fruit selected for the extreme storage limit 

 should be of medium size for the variety, since overgrown specimens do not 

 keep as well as the smaller ones. Apple scald was found to attack immature, 

 poorly colored fruit first. If the temperature is high enough to allow the 

 fruit to continue the ripening processes the appearance of scald is somewhat 

 delayed. 



The cold storage variety testing was continued during the past 4 years. The 

 results as here noted indicate that the principal commercial varieties in Iowa 

 can nearly all be handled profitably in cold storage. 



The American peach orchard, F. A. Waugh (New York and London, 191S, 

 pp. 238, pi. 1, figs. 65). — ^A treatise on the practice of peach growing in North 

 America at the beginning of the twentieth century. The successive chapters 

 of this work discuss peach growing geography, climatology, soils and exposures, 

 how to get the trees, orchard planting, general management, cover crops, the 

 use of fertilizers, pruning and renovation, insect enemies, diseases of tree and 

 fruit, spraying, marketing the crop, the family orchard, botanical and pomo- 

 logical status, choosing varieties, variety catalogue, the nectarine, utilizing the 

 fruit, and a historical sketch of the peach industry. 



Maurer's gooseberry book, L. Maubeb (Maurer's Stachelbeerluch. Stuttgart, 

 191S, pp. XIII -{-847, pis. 15, figs. 158). — ^A descriptive account of the best and 

 most widely cultivated varieties of gooseberries. Introductory considerations 

 deal with the botany, anatomy, and culture of the gooseberry, weights and 

 measurements of gooseberry fruits, methods of classification, and choice of 

 varieties for general cult^ire. 



