144 EXPEKIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The results with the cherry have shown that certain types, as the Bigarreau, 

 Morello, Blacli Heart, etc., possess eome degree of fixity. The ^Nlirabelle and 

 Green Gage i)lums and a number of peaches have also proved to be relatively 

 fixed. In the case of apples and pears many forms varying in their vegetative 

 characters and not resembling the maternal parent have been obtained. 



The author is not inclined to favor grafting as a means of hastening the 

 fruiting period of seedling trees since this method has not given conclusive re- 

 sults. Moreover, he does not favor the propagation of varieties by the use of 

 immature wood. 



Crew work, costs, and returns in commercial orcharding in West Vir- 

 ginia, J. H. Aenold (U. S. Dept. Affr. Bui. 29, pp. 24, figs. 5). — In this bulletin 

 the author summarizes and analyzes the experiences in orchard management 

 of different individuals who have been pioneers in the development of the 

 peach industry in the drainage basin of the Potomac River in West Virginia. 

 Practically every factor involved in peach growing is considered with special 

 reference to the determination of costs. 



From an analysis of the data secured the author comes to the general con- 

 clusion that with the most favorable conditions that can be reasonably ex- 

 pected and under the most skillful and experienced management, average divi- 

 dends of over 25 per cent are practically impossible. At the average price of 

 65 cts. per basket a good manager might reasonably expect to pay 10 per cent 

 dividends on the money invested. 



Cultivation and exploitation of the avocado, G. R. Valencia {Estac. Agr. 

 Cent. [Mexico'] Bol. 71, 1912, pp. 70, pis. 20). — A popular treatise on the botany, 

 culture, exploitation, and uses of the avocado. 



Mulberry and fig* culture, M. Calvino {Estac. Agr. Cent. {Mexico} Bol. 75, 

 1912, pp. 33, pJs. 8). — ^A popular cultural treatise with special reference to 

 Mexican conditions. 



On some hybrids of Vitis vinifera and V. berlandieri, Gard {IV. Conf. 

 Internat. Gen^tique Paris, Compt. Rend, et Raps., 1911, pp. 395, 396) * — In 

 studying a number of hybrid forms of V. herlandieriXV. vinifera raised from 

 seed of V. herlandien it was observed with regard to the stem that the hairy 

 character of the maternal parent and also the glabrous character of most varie- 

 ties of y. vinifera occurred among the hybrids, together with a large number of 

 intermediate forms. Transverse sections of the stem show that the structure 

 is sometimes intermediate between the two parents and sometimes nearer that of 

 V. vinifera. Most generally certain characters of the liber and of the sec- 

 ondary wood, and especially those of the primary wood, are nearer V. vinifera. 

 In the roots, on the other hand, these characters are nearer the' other parent 

 and are in accordance with the power of resistance to phylloxera and the 

 excellent qualities as stocks possessed by these hybrids. 



On the use of seedling vines as scions, Tr.vbut {Prog. Agr. et Yit. {Ed. 

 VEst-Centre), 34 {1913), No. 46, pp. 625, 626, figs. 2).— The author here calls 

 attention to some successful results secured during the past season in cleft 

 grafting grape seedlings on green shoots of old vines. At the beginning of 

 June young plants which had only their cotyledons were trimmed like ordinary 

 scions and inserted on the top of green shoots. The end of the shoot was 

 wrapped with a small band of paraflSn paper secured with raflBa. The com- 

 pleted graft was then covered with a small paraffined paper bag in order to 

 preserve the humidity. The parts united in about 2 weeks' time after which th(i 

 young plants grew vigorously. By October the union was hardly visible and 

 the shoot was about 3 meters long. 



The application of this method for the rapid propagation of new varieties is 

 suggested. 



