METEOROLOGY WATER. 117 



stated to be dimethoxycoumarin ; it is readily soluble iu hot water, and it is 

 possible that distillation with steam effects the removal of the limettin itself, 

 or of that constituent of expressed oils which by the action of light may be 

 converted into limettin. (A sample of limettin recry stall ized from boiling 

 water was found to have a melting point of 115°)." 



Investig-ations on the extraction of lime juice by milling, II. A. Tempany 

 and V. M. Weil (West Indian BiiL, 12 {1912), Xo. 4, pp. 473-478).— The prob- 

 lems connected with the extraction of lime juice as practised in the West Indies 

 at the present time are iu many ways not dlssimiliar from those encountered 

 in obtaining the juice from the sugar cane. In fact, in many cases old cane 

 mills have been adapted to the pun^ose of exx)ressing lime juice, and so far 

 as the actual extraction is concerned, the processes in the case of the 2 indus- 

 tries are identical. The eflBciency of the mill is computed, as a rule, from the 

 number of gallons of juice obtained from 1 bbl. of limes, but as the size of the 

 barrels and limes, and the juice content of the limes was believed to vary, a 

 test was made with a number of samples of limes from various localities. 



"An examination of these results shows that the average weight and volume 

 of a single fruit, as also the acidity of the juice, vary largely according to the 

 locality in which the fruit is grown, the former characteristics varying directly 

 and the latter inversely with the rainfall at the place of origin. The per- 

 centage of juice contained in the fruit, however, varies relatively little, amount- 

 ing approximately to 62 per cent of the total weight of the fruit. This result 

 is of a distinctly unexpected character, since comparison with the sugar cane 

 would tend to the belief that the juice content would be materially less in dry 

 locaaities. It follows from this that measurement of the extraction of juice, 

 if accurately performed, will afford a reliable criterion of the efficacy of the 

 milling in lime juice works." 



Some tests in regard to the residue of juice left in the pressed skins were 

 made, and showed that this was almost a complete check upon the efficiency 

 of milling at the time the sample was taken. 



Experiments in lime juice concentration, J. C. Macintyre {West Indian 

 Bill., 12 {1912), Xo. 4, pp. 405-472). — "The experiments in lime juice concen- 

 tration which are described were carried out for the purpose of ascertaining 

 the loss of acid occurring at various degrees of concentration so as to be in a 

 position to judge whether the cost of steam-jacketed pans or other plant would 

 be justified, and incidentally, to determine the point to which it is most 

 economical to concentrate." A note by F. Watts is appended to this paper 

 I)ointing out the practical value of the results obtained. 



Index to Zeitschrift fiir Analytische Chemie, H. Fresenius and A. Czapski 

 (Zcitschrift fiir Analytische Chemie^ Autwcji- und Sack-Register zn den Bdnden 

 41-50. Wieshaden, 1912, pp. 287). — An author and subject index of volumes 

 41 to 50, issued from 1902 to 1911, is given. 



METEOROLOGY— WATER. 



Temperature coefficients in plant geography and climatology, B. E, and 

 Grace J. Livingston {Bot. Gaz., 56 {1913), No. 5, pp. 349-375, figs. 5).— This 

 paper deals fully with a subject which has been briefly discussed elsewhere 

 (E. S. R., 28, p. 212; 20, p. 719). The direct temperature summations and sum- 

 mations of temperature efficiencies are charted and compared. 



" For each of the direct summations, the normal daily mean minus 39, for the 

 date next following the average date of the last frost in spring, is taken as the 

 first term. To this are added the normal daily means, each decreased by 39, for 

 all dates up to and including the average date of the last frost in autumn. . . . 



