AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 195 



of the farm and each in turn has charj;e of the various operations in poultry 

 keeping. A 3 months' course is offered, beginning each quarter. 



Vocational education, R. O. Small {Amer. School Bd. Jour., Jfi (1913), 

 No. 4, pp. 12, 13, 55, 56). — According to this article vocational agricultural 

 departments were in operation in 3912 at 5 Massachusetts high schools. Two 

 county high schools and 4 new departments in high schools have since been 

 established. The scheme of agricultural work devised provides productive 

 home-farm operations carried on for profit by the pupils at the same time they 

 are studying the agricultural science bearing upon these operations. During the 

 year 11 different types of farm projects were selected, ranging from a small gar- 

 den to a dairy in which 12 Jersey cows were handled and money transactions to 

 the extent of $1,200 engaged in. See also a previous note (E, S. R. 28, p. 106). 



The importance, extent, and execution of student practice at agricultural 

 schools (Land u. Forstw. Unterrichts Zt(/., 21 {1913), No. 1-2, pp. 18-33).— This 

 symposium of practicums in agricultural schools discusses their use in agricul- 

 tural intermediate schools (Mittelschulen) by Fritz Schneider; in farm schools 

 by Alois Gross, and in agricultural winter schools by H. Maresch. 



Efforts to reform the system of g'ardening- instruction, K, Schechner 

 (Land u. Forstw. Unterrichts Ztg., 21 (1913), No. 1-2, pp. 3^-41).— The new 

 management of the Imperial Royal Horticultural Society of Vienna is endeav- 

 oring to bring about a reform in the system of gardening instruction in Aus- 

 tria, and as a first step is establishing horticultural apprentice schools, 4 of 

 which are now in operation with good attendance. The principal object of 

 these schools is to extend the technical knowledge and general culture, and to 

 give some commercial training. The instruction is given for 2 years during 

 the 6 winter months, 9 hours a week in 3 periods from 6 to 8 p. m,, and on 

 Sundays from 9 to 12 a, m. 



There is also a 2-year course in the schools for gardeners' assistants, admis- 

 sion to which requires the completion of the full course of the apprentice 

 schools. Both schools offer practical summer courses in the first year. The 

 first Austrian horticultural week was held from December 9 to 14, 1912, in 

 Vienna, to give experienced gardeners opportunity to learn of the results of 

 recent investigations and experience. Suggestions are also given for the in- 

 struction of persons desiring to learn gardening who can not attend school. 

 For the training of horticulturists higher horticultural schools are provided. 



Proposals to bring- about uniformity in the methods of instruction in the 

 lower agricultural schools with special reference to schools for wine growers, 

 F, Jachimowicz (Land u. Forstw. Unterrichts Ztg., 27 (1913), No. 1-2, pp. 

 42-54). — The author suggests and discusses as the most feasible and practical 

 school for the majority of farmers a 3-semester school with a small farm and 

 offering temporary spring and summer courses. The 2 winter semesters should 

 each include 30 hours a week of theoretical instruction, and the summer semes- 

 ter should be devoted almost exclusively to practical work. 



Farmers' institutes in Kansas, E. C. Johnson (Agr. Ed. [Eans. Agr. Col.'\, 

 5 (1913), No. 22, pp. 40). — This pamphlet describes briefly the purpose, charac- 

 ter, organization, and methods of work of the farmers' institutes in Kansas, 

 and is intende<l primarily as a handbook for the institute officers. 



Suggestive topics for institute meetings are given on soil fertility, soil tillage, 

 the summer fallow, crops, seed and seed selection, crop rotation, weeds, plant 

 diseases, insects, silos and silage, dairying, beef production, farm animals, the 

 orchard and the garden, roads, marketing, cooperation, organizations, tenant 

 farming and labor, fann management, the home, and sociology. 



A catechism of agriculture, T. C. Atkeson (New York and London, 1913, 

 pp. XII-\-96, figs. 34). — This work is a revision of that previously noted (E. S. 



