ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 171 



Italy, Argentina, the United States, and other countries. The feeding, care, and 

 management of breeding stoclv are treated in full, together with a study of the 

 most approved methods of beef production. Formulas and methods for deter- 

 mining, by means of measurements of the animal on foot, the dressing per- 

 centage and net weight of the dressed carcass are also included. 



The author discusses the selection of dairy cattle under the heads of con- 

 formation, quality, mammary system, and empirical signs or marks. Under the 

 latter, he treats of the ini])ortance of the escutcheon as an index to milk secre- 

 tion, and explains the various forms of escutcheons and hair swirls as described 

 by F. Guenon. 



Breeding- cattle in French Guinea, Aldige {Rev. G6n. M6d. Vet., 22 (1913), 

 No. 259-260, jjp. 337-373, figs. 5).— The native breeds of cattle of French Guinea 

 are described and their utility value as beef and milk producers and the oppor- 

 tunities for improvement through the introduction of the zebu are discussed. 



On the breeds, breeding", and utility value of the cattle of Dutch East 

 Africa, G. Lichtenheld {Pflanzcr, 9 {1913), No. 6, pp. 261-279) .—This article 

 treats of the body measurements, breed characteristics, and utility value of the 

 native breeds of cattle of Dutch East Africa. 



The Creole cattle of Salta, T. R. Garcia {Bol. Mm. Agr. [Buenos Aires], 



15 {1913), No. 6, pp. 675-6S2, figs. 11). — The author describes the native cattle 

 of Argentina, commenting on their utility value and on the opportunity for 

 improvement through the introduction of pure-bred beef sires. The three 

 principal types of native cattle are Chaqueiios, Serranos, and Fronterizos. 



On beef production [in Argentina], E. Lahitte {Bol. Min. Agr. [Buenos 

 Aires'], 15 {1913), No. 6, pp. 683-689). — The author comments on the extraor- 

 dinary growth and demand for Argentina meat products, and states that the 

 abnormal demand is producing a spirit of speculation. Statistical reports of 

 exports to the United States and other countries are presented. 



The frozen meat industry of Argentina, P. Berg^s {An. Soc. Rural Argen- 

 tina, 1913, Juhj-Aug., pp. 247-291, figs. i6).— This is a statistical report of the 

 frozen meat industry of Argentina and of the export trade with foreign coun- 

 tries. The industry has undergone a remarkable development and growth 

 in the past few years, and the trade now reaches throughout America, Europe, 

 and the Orient. The relative rank of the various meat-exporting countries is 

 given, showing that for most of the meat products Argentina leads, with Aus- 

 tralia and New Zealand as close competitors. 



Foreign meat in London, C. R. Loop {Daily Cons, and Tirade Rpts. [U. S.], 



16 {1913), No. 246, p. 379).— It is noted that almost the whole of the foreign 

 supply of beef imported into the United Kingdom is now derived from Ar- 

 gentina and Australia. The supply from the United States diminished from 

 162.000,000 lbs. in 1908 to 685,000 lbs. in 1912. The average retail price for 

 beef on the London market is estimated as follows: Sirloin, 19 cts. per pound; 

 wing rib, 18 cts.; silver side. 10 and 17 cts.; and steaks, 24 to 28 cts. 



The shrinkage in weight of beef cattle in transit, W. F. Ward and J. E. 

 Downing {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 25, pp. 78). — Shrinkage weights were obtained 

 on cattle shipped from various points in the Southwest and Northwest. A 

 general summary of the 3 years' work is shown in the table following. 

 28054°— 14 6 



