246 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 4 (1913), 

 No. 7, pp. 1113, 1114)- — It is stated that among the external causes which may 

 provoke alteration in the stigmatic papillae and bring about their death are rain 

 and mist, which act by wetting the stigma and causing arrest or excessive reduc- 

 tion of the activity of respiration, transpiration, and assimilation, by bringing 

 about a toxic accumulation of oxalic acid. 



The biolog-y of Cycloconium oleag-inum, L. Petei (Mein. R. Staz. Patol. 

 Teg. Roma, 1913, pp. 136, figs. 37; ahs. in Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome'\, Mo. Bui. 

 Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 4 {1913), No. 7, pp. 1116, 1117).— The author 

 gives results of studies carried on since 1905 with cultures of C. oleaginum, 

 and discusses artificial nutritive media, germinating conditions of the conidia, 

 enzym action of the fungus upon the cuticle of the olive leaves, and localization 

 and development of the disease as related to conditions of receptivity in the 

 leaves. 



It is stated that Cycloconium can grow saprophytically, forming in cultures 

 its chlamydospores and microsclerotia, the conidia forming only in case of an 

 acid substratum. Conidia are said to germinate at temperatures between 

 2 and 32° C, but cultures may live at —15°. 



Two enzyms, pectin and lipase, were isolated from the cultures, but no toxic 

 substances were shown to be elaborated by the mycelium. This fungus does 

 not develop on leaves which are about to fall. Its germination at low tem- 

 peratures and the physiological conditions of the leaves in winter render infec- 

 tion at that season possible, especially in southern and littoral districts. 



Diseases and enemies of cacao, L. Beille {Jour. Agr. Trop., 13 {1913), Nos. 

 lU, PP- 167-172; U5, pp. 193-197; 146, pp. 236-238).— Besides a brief notice of 

 general disorders which may be more or less common to roots, stems, branches, 

 leaves, and fruit of cacao trees, a discussion is given of certain diseases pe- 

 culiar to each part, including more or less of the history, cause, symptoms, 

 remedies, etc. A section is devoted to animal pests of the cacao tree. 



Premature leaf fall of currant bushes, E. Noffray {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser., 

 26. {1913), No. 35, pp. 272, 273; Rev. Hort. [Paris], 85 {1913), No. 18, pp. 426, 

 427). — The author discusses briefly an attack of Qlceosporium rihis on leaves of 

 currant bushes, causing their early fall, followed by the development on the 

 fallen leaves of Pseudopeziza riUs, said to be the perfect form of G. riUs. 



Raspberry yellows and cane blight, J. E. Howitt {Canad. Hort., 36 {1913), 

 No. 10, pp. 237, 238). — Descriptions are given of two serious diseases of rasp- 

 berries that are said to be prevalent in Ontario. 



The first, the cause of which is not determined, is called raspberry yellows 

 from the general appearance of the affected plants. The first indication of 

 the presence of this disease is said to be the curling downward of the margin 

 of the upper leaves which later become mottled with yellow. As the disease 

 progresses the plants become stunted and yellow and the berries dry up 

 without ripening. This disease spreads rapidly through a plantation, and as 

 yet no definite remedy is known. 



The cane blight is due to a fungus, but it is not so widespread nor so serious 

 as the j^ellows. 



For both diseases the planting of healthy plants and the removal and burning 

 of diseased specimens are about the only methods of control that are promising. 

 the use of Bordeaux mixture or other sprays having failed to hold the diseases 

 in check. 



Treatment of court-noue with coal tar, Lamouroux {Prog. Agr. et Vit. {Ed. 

 VEst-Centre), 34 {1913), No. 40, pp. 417-421, figs. 2). — A brief account is given 

 with illustrations of the method and results of applying coal tar to grapevines 



