EUEAL ENGINEERING. 80 



ami has to be discarded. In these cases the fixatiou in all tubes is apparently 

 due to the excessive amount of proteids from the spleen. Experience has shown 

 that the excessively large spleens contribute such an antigen. . . . 



"The test proper for the diagnosis of dourine is carried out in a man- 

 ner similar to that practiced for the diagnosis of glanders [E. S. II., 25, p. 

 181]. . . . Since the testing has been undertaken by the method described, 8.G57 

 samples have been examined from Montana and the Cheyenne and Standing 

 Rock Indian Reservations in North Dakota and South Dakota. Of these 1,076 

 gave positive reactions, which appears to be a very large proportion, but when 

 it is remembered that those animals were kept under range conditions without 

 sanitary or veterinary control and also that before the disease was recognized 

 as dourine it had been diagnosed for a long period as some other affection, it 

 will be apparent that the opportunity for the spread of the disease was ideal. 

 With the present system of diagnosis, by which even the latent cases can be 

 determined, it is hoped to eradicate the disease quickly." 



A bibliography is appendetl. 



RUEAL ENGINEEEI^ja. 



Pumping plants, F. C. Kelton (U. 8. Geol. Survey, Water-Siipphj Paper S20, 

 pp. 1S7-213, pi. 1). — In cooperation with the Arizona Experiment Station, tests 

 of 20 representative irrigation pumping plants in the Sulphur Spring Valley 

 are reported, the object being to ascertain the initial cost, consumption, and 

 cost of fuel, yield of wells, and general efficiency. All the plants tested were 

 of the distillate centrifugal type, 18 being horizontal and 2 vertical pumps. 

 The actual lifts varied from IS to 73 ft, and the yields ranged from 69 to 1,080 

 gal. per minute. Of the pumps tested the rapid speed tyVQ appeared to be the 

 more efficient. 



The two causes which were preeminent in reducing the efficiency of the 

 plants are said to be (1) the insufficient speed maintained by the pump, and 

 (2) the improper timing of the engine ignition. Efficiencies ranging from 

 8.5 to 41.4 per cent were obtained. 



The cost of pumping plants per rated horsepower varied from $40 to $104. 

 exclusive of cost of well and buildings, with an average of $66. The average 

 cost per useful horsepower was $200. The average fuel cost per acre foot of 

 water pumped was $4.39 with distillate at 16^ cts. per gallon in the northern 

 part of the valley and 17^ cts, in the southern part, 5 per cent being allowed 

 for losses by leakage and evaporation. 



Details and design of headgates, B. A. Etcheverry {Jour. Electricity, 30 

 (1913), No. 11, pp. 24S-251, figs. 7).— This article deals with headgates and 

 gate lifting machineiy, describing the lever types, inclined plane types, pulley 

 types, and a lever combined with inclined plane or gearing. The mathematical 

 and mechanical principles of each are analyzed, and formulas for the design 

 of the parts are derived. 



Inverted siphon construction, B, A. Etcheverry {Jour. Electricity, 30 {1913), 

 No. 25, pp. 578-581, figs. 5). — This article calls attention to the necessary 

 auxiliaries to inverted siphon construction, namely, wasteway and sand box, 

 anchorage, air outlet and inlet valves, and blow-offs. It describes the details 

 of the design and construction of several inverted siphons in use on private 

 irrigation projects, on the Umatilla and Belle Fourche projects, and on irriga- 

 tion projects in Spain. Special attention is called to difTerent methods of re- 

 enforcing the siphon proper, to tyv^s of inlet and outlet, and to novel methods 

 for draining away .•seepage water. 



