ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 253 



the verruga zones of the Peruvian Andes, was injected in the rit^ht shoulder of 

 one of the dogs, the other dog being reserved as a check. The symptoms result- 

 ing showed the disease to have been transmitted to the injected dog, while the 

 check animal showed nothing abnormal. 



This is said to be the first experimental demonstration of insect transmission 

 of the disease. 



The g-all midg-e fauna of New Eng-land, E. P. Felt (Psyche, 20 {WIS), No. 

 5, pp. 133-147). — Of some 900 species of gall midges known from America, the 

 author lists 187 as occurring in the New England States. 



The box cecidomyiid (Monarthropalpus buxi), J. Chaine (Ann. Sci. Nat. 

 ZooL, 9. ser., 17 (1913), No. 5-6, pp. 269-359, pis. 5, figs. 26).— This paper relates 

 to the morphology, biology, injury, and remedial measures for this cecidomyiid, 

 which burrows in the leaves of the box (Buxus sempervirens) . 



The life history of Thrypticus muhlenbergise n. sp., O. A. Joiiannsen and 

 C. R. Crosby (Psyche, 20 (1913), No. 5, pp. 164-166, fig. i).— The larva of this 

 dipteran lives in the stems of Muhlenhergia sylvatica in the vicinity of Ithaca, 

 N. Y. 



The biology of Tabanus striatus, the horsefly of the Philippines, M. B. 

 MiTZMAiN (Philippine Jour. Sci., Sect. B, 8 (1913), No. 3, pp. 197-221, pis. 7).— 

 "The eggs of T. striatus have been found in masses of from 270 to 425, laid 

 mainly on particles of wood. The incubation period has been determined to be 

 from 3 to 5 days. The behavior of the larva indicates that it is essentially an 

 aquatic form. The insect in this stage has been found to be extremely canni- 

 balistic. In some instances as high as 85 per cent of the brood has been de- 

 stroyed by this means. They apparently prefer their kind to any other food; 

 at least there is no diminution of the practice even when an abundance of other 

 food is present. There is shown to be a marked diversity in the development of 

 larvae of the same age. The larval period covers 6 weeks or longer. 



" In the ecdyses of T. stHatus there are 3 distinct molts ; the final one. coming 

 a considerable time after the larva is full gi-owu, results in the unveiling of the 

 puparium. The puparium is formed beneath the molting skin of the full-grown 

 larva. This stage lasts from 3 to 7 days, with an average of 5^ days, in the 

 male; and from 4 to 9 days, with an average of 6 days, in the female. In this 

 period the male can be distinguished by the arrangement of the short spines 

 anterior to the terminal teeth of the abdomen. These form a continuous ser- 

 rated border of from 10 to 12 short spines. In the female these spines occur 

 in 2 groups of from 4 to 6 each. Evidence of development of the adult fly is 

 had in the changes of coloration visible through the puparium. ... In from 

 14 to 20 minutes after emergence the imago takes flight. . . . 



"All of the draft animals of the Philippines serve as hosts for T. striatus. 

 The carabao appears to be the host of choice. The rain' trees of this locality 

 serve to harbor great numbers of resting horseflies. In considering methods of 

 eradication, this fact should be considered." 



The mechanical transmission of surra by Tabanus striatus, M. B. Mitz- 

 MAiN (Philippine Jour. Sci., Sect. B, 8 (1913), No. 3, pp. 223-229; Philippine 

 Bur. Agr. Bui. 28 1913, pp. 11). — "T. striatus for the first time recorded has 

 been found to play a role in the transmission of surra. Bred horseflies have 

 been employed for the first time in such experiments. Errors resulting from 

 naturally infected wild flies have thus been eliminated. Three experiments 

 were successful in the direct or mechanical transmission by ' interrupted ' feed- 

 ing when only a short interval was allowed between the bites on infected r.nd 

 healthy animals. In 16 experiments the minimum number of flies with which 

 the Infection could be transmitted was 2. 



