204 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ism occurs in the same way. The reason that we have not been able to deter- 

 mine the specific enzym bringing about the cleavage of sugar is probably be- 

 cause a number of enzyms are concerned in the process; furthermore, the 

 enzyms are localized in various organs, consequently the cleavage of sugar in 

 the body occurs in various phases. When the equilibrium of one of these phases 

 is destroyed, a sort of diabetes occurs. 



Glucophose gives us a means for determining in what part of the cycle sugar 

 combustion is abnormal. With it the weakest phase of the process may possibly 

 be enhanced. Living yeast is incapable of producing glucophose but when 

 phosphatese is liberated from the cell it synthesizes this compound. 



The problem of enzym synthesis. — I, Lipase and fat of animal tissues, 

 H. C. Bradley {Jour. Biol. Clicm., IS (1913), No. 4, pp. 407-418, figs. 2).— These 

 tests, which were made with the tissues and fluids of the fish, cat, dog, calf, 

 goat, and adult bovine, indicate that " no broad correlation exists between the 

 fat and lipase content of tissues. Homologous organs in allied species, such as 

 teleost livers, fish muscles, etc., show no parallelism between fat and enzym. 

 Some of the most active fat-producing tissues are relatively poorer in lipase 

 than many other tissues which never normally contain or produce more than 

 a small percentage of fat. Active mammary tissue affords the most striking 

 example of this when compared with lung, kidney, and muscle tissues." " In- 

 stead of being unusually rich in lipase on account of its active secretion of fat, 

 it is found to be about on a par with such other tissues as fish ovaries and 

 testes, spleen, brain, and other gland structures of mammals and invertebrates. 

 Compared with a large number of tissues, active mammary gland is not a tissue 

 rich in lipase; it is only twice as active as blood itself. The fact that active 

 mammary tissue is richer in lipase than inactive, as was pointed out by Loeven- 

 hart, is probably due in large measure to its hyperplastic condition during 

 lactation." 



" Quantitative comparison of fat and lipase in animal tissues gives no positive 

 evidence in support of the theory of enzym synthesis." 



The problem of enzym synthesis. — II, Diastase and glycogen of animal 

 tissues, H. C. Bradley and E. Kelleksberger {Jour. Biol. Cliem., 13 {1913), 

 No. 4, pp. 419-423). — The results confirm the findings of H. MacLean,<» who 

 showed that kidney and lungs usually low in glycogen had a high diastatic 

 power. The work was done with the lower form of animals, fish, crustaceans, 

 etc., which are known to be rich in glycogen. 



The problem of enzym synthesis. — IV, Lactase of the mammary gland, 

 H. C. Bradley {Jour. Biol. Chem., IS {1913), No. 4, pp. 431-439).— The results 

 show that the active mammary gland of cats, goats, and rabbits contains no 

 lactose-destroying enzym. In two cases (goat and cow) there seemed to be a 

 progressive increase of sugar, especially when blood was added to the mixture. 

 This may be due to the presence of a mother (pro) substance as indicated 

 by Porcher (E. S. R., 17, p. 287). Lactase, according to this, does not seem 

 to be responsible for the lactose present in milk. 



Contributions to our knowledge of the vegetable hemagglutinins, R. Robert 

 {Landw. Vers. Stat., 79-80 {1913), pp. 97-205) .—This discusses the chemical 

 nature of ricin and its preparation; the agglutination reaction and its use for 

 detecting castor-bean meal in feed cakes; the chemical nature of antiricin ; 

 castor-bean lipase and its action; the action of ricin upon animals; the detec- 

 tion of ricin in feeds which contain other agglutinins and in those stuffs which 

 contain no other agglutinins; crotin, abrin, and robin from common locust 

 seed {Ttolinia pseudacacia) , and phasin from other sources; papilionaceous 



•Bio-chem. Jour., 4 (1909), No. 10, pp. 4G7-479. 



