DISEASES OF PLANTS. 353 



The letives of affected trees show a general yellowing and wilting, commenc- 

 ing at the tips of the shoots. The leaves begin to wither in May and the 

 whole of the upper part of the tree is dead by October. 



An examination showed the trouble to be due to C. Icucostoma, the same 

 fungus having previously been reported by Aderhold on the CJontinent as de- 

 stroying cherry trees (E. S. R., 15, p. 270). Inoculation experiments were 

 conducted to determine the parasitism of the fungus, and while this was not 

 definitely established, the author thinks there is sufficient evidence to con- 

 sider it the i)rimary cause of the trouble. 



It is said that spraying would be of little effect in controlling this disease, 

 and the removal and burning of the affected parts is recommended. 



Disease of peaches and almonds, G. Arnaud {Rev. Phytopath., 1 {1913), No. 

 J. pp. 24-27, figs. 2; ahs. in Rir. Patol. Veg., 6 {1013), No. 7, pp. 218, 210).— 

 This is a discussion of peach-leaf curl due to Exoascus deformans. Directions 

 are given for treatment with Bordeaux mixture .and with lime-sulphur wash, 

 both of which are said to give very good results as contrasted with those 

 obtained from the use of iron sulphate and potassium permanganate. 



An epidemic of fasciation and coalescence in vineyards under forced cul- 

 ture, P. Pechoutre {Rev. Vit., 89 {1913), Nos. 1005, pp. W-407, figs. 2; 1010, 

 pp. 587-592, figs. 8; 1011, pp. 624-629, figs. 8; 1012, pp. 659-664, fiv^- 6; IOI4, 

 pp. 724-729, figs. 9; 40 {1913), Nos. 1024, PP- 135-140; 1030, pp. 324-326).— Xs a 

 result of studies by the author, illustrated descriptions are given of numerous 

 anomalies of development as regards form, size, relation, etc., exhibited by 

 shoots, leaves, tendrils, or fruits of several varieties of grapes as recently noted 

 in the vineyards at Nanterre, near Paris. Prominent features are torsion, 

 coalescence, or fasciation (in some cases very complex) of shoots; deforma- 

 tion, dwarfing, or coherence of fruits; absence of tendrils; and deformation or 

 union of leaf blades, petioles, etc. 



It is stated that the conditions in which these anomalies occur are usually 

 such as to contradict the view that they are due to exaggerated nutrition and 

 exuberant vigor. Among the causes of fasciation are thought to be mechanical 

 and insect injuries. In general it does not appear that these anomalies are 

 hereditary or that they are transmissible by segmentation. 



References to the literature of the subject are included. 



Factors in mildew attack, J. Capus {Rev. Vit., 40 {1913), No. 1027, pp. 

 228-232).— Reviewing the results of recent study (E. S. R., 29, p. 840), the 

 author suggests that an explanation of some apparent inconsistencies observed 

 in connection with mildew attack may be found in the fact that the three main 

 contributing factors to be reckoned with, namely, the presence and number of 

 infecting bodies, favorable atmospheric conditions, and a susceptible state of 

 the vegetative medium, are not necessarily coincident constant, or subject to 

 coincident or similar variations. 



Studies on roncet, L. Pavarino {Riv. Patol. Veg., 6 {1913), Nos. 6, pp. 164- 

 170; 7, pp. 193-203). — The author gives an account of his studies during 1912 

 and 1913, carried out with an organism obtained from grapevines of the variety 

 Rupestris du Lot affected with roncet. This was grown in pure cultures, 

 maintaining its specific characters for more than a year. It is said to be a 

 very active polymorphic facultative aerobic bacillus, agreeing closely in morpho- 

 logical and cultural characters with Bacillus taccarimi studied by Macchiati 

 (E. S. R., 9, p. 924; 10, p. 224) as found in association with " mal nero " or bac- 

 terial gummosis of grai->es. Two other organisms isolated are also briefly noted. 



A new schizomycete of grapevines, L. Montemartini {Riv. Patol. Veg., 6 

 {1913), No. 6, pp. 171-176).— An injurious abnormality of grapevines is de- 



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