382 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



at the point of injection, and just as in mammals the typical reaction is one of 

 varying degrees of intensity. The reactions were never accompanied by hyper- 

 emia manifestations. The center of the reacting focus of the comb usually is 

 of a pale yellow color and the secondary area is dirty red brown and some- 

 times greenish. The swelling of the comb is compact while that of the wattles 

 is usually edematous. In the latter the color varies between a dirty pale yel- 

 low and a dirty green. The reaction occurs most frequently in the wattles and 

 where comparison was possible a reaction on the comb only was noted in 4.25 

 per cent of the cases, on the wattles in only 21.25 and on both in 74.5 per cent. 



In all there were about 320 birds examined, some of which received tuber- 

 culin only once and others twice. Some of the birds came from ^oclis which 

 were apparently free of tuberculosis. Of all the birds examined 207 were sub- 

 mitted to autopsy, and 108 of these were found to be tuberculous. Among 75 

 which gave typical reactions, 73 showed lesions. The number of nonreacting 

 birds was 79, and of these 8 showed lesions. The birds with doubtful or minor 

 reactions were 53 in number, and 27 of these were found to have lesions. 



These findings, according to the author, show that the Intracutaneous appli- 

 cation of avian tuberculin is an almost certain method of diagnosing this dis- 

 ease. The doubtful reactions which occur may limit the usefulness of the test 

 somewhat, although it was ascertained that in such cases one-half of the birds 

 so reacting were found to be tuberculous. This aspect of the problem will, 

 however, be studied further, especially with reference to the kind of tuberculin 

 preparation used. The intracutaneous test probably will have its greatest use- 

 fulness in detecting the presence of tuberculosis in a given flock or as a means 

 for guarding against the introduction of tuberculous birds. 



The eye test was used in 50 instances with negative results. Many of the 

 birds which were submitted to this test gave a positive intracutaneous reaction. 



Tuberculin in diagnosis and treatment, Bandeliee and Roepke, trans, by 

 W. B. Christopheeson (A'ew York, 1913, 2. ed., pp. XYI-\-30y, pis. 9, figs. 5).— 

 This text-book on the specific diagnosis and therapy of tuberculosis is in its 

 second English edition and translated from the seventh revised and enlarged 

 German edition. It is divided into the following sections: Theories of tuber- 

 culin reaction and the curative factors of tuberculin action; the specific diag- 

 nosis and the specific treatment of tuberculosis (chiefly from the human medical 

 standpoint) ; and a special section which takes up pulmonary tuberculosis 

 and tuberculosis of the respiratory tract, digestive organs, urogenital organs, 

 serous membranes, eye, ear, skin, glands, bones, and joints. It also contains 

 25 temperature charts, 2 colored lithographic plates, 5 illustrations, and a 

 bibliography. 



Bovine tuberculosis in man, R. S. Williams (Reading Univ. Col. Rev., 5 

 {1913), No. 15, pp. 217-230). — The work of Robert Koch in regard to the trans- 

 mission of tuberculosis from animal to man is reviewed, and is followed by the 

 opinions of O. Bang, Sims Woodhead, Park and Krumwiede, Fraser, and 

 Delepine. The conclusion reached is that bovine tuberculosis can be conveyed 

 to man. 



[Circular letter of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries of Great Britain 

 as to tuberculosis], S. Olivieb (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 19 (1913), No. 12, 

 pp. IO43-IO46). — This deals with the measures recommended for the eradication 

 of the tuberculous cow. It aims at the destruction of every cow found to be 

 suffering from tuberculosis of the udder or discharging tubercle bacilli with 

 the milk, and all bovines which are suffering from tuberculosis with emacia- 

 tion. When tuberculosis is not detected in the animal after slaughter, its owner 

 is to be reimbursed for the full value of the animal plus 20 shillings. " Where 

 tuberculosis is found the proportion of the value of the animal payable by way 



