l90 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



and part 3 discusses the proper size for the sludge storage compartment of 

 tanks, depth as a factor in sludge digestion, pumping sludge, and drying beds. 



Reg-ulating the clim.ate of the house, P. M. Riley (Country Life Amer., 

 25 {1913), No. 1, pp. 61, 62, 84, figs. 6). — The author points out that most homes 

 are so nearly devoid of humidity during the winter as to be injurious not only 

 to furniture, etc., but to the health of the occupants. He emphasizes the im- 

 portance of maintaining a relative humidity of from 50 to 60 per cent as long 

 as artificial heat is used in the house, and describes apparatus for regulating it 



Agricultural drafting", C. B. Howe (New York and London, 1918, pp. VIII -\- 

 6S, figs. 78). — The purpose of this book is to assist the agricultural student to 

 a knowledge of the principles of mechanical drawing and their practical appli- 

 cation to agricultural engineering. 



RUEAI ECONOMICS. 



Rural economics (X. Cong. Intemat. Agr. Gand, 1913, Sect. 1, pp. [362], 

 taUe 1). — This section of the report of the Tenth International Congress of 

 Agriculture, devoted to rural economics, has been previously noted editorially 

 (E. S. R., 29, p. 101). 



The org-anization of American agriculture, D. F. Houston {Am&r. Coop. 

 Jour., 9 {1913), No. 3, pp. 187-189). — It is pointed out in this address that 

 there is available in the United States 935,000,000 acres of arable land, of which 

 but 400,000,000 is included in farms and im*proved. The author considers that 

 in fostering industrial centers agriculture has been entirely neglected, and that 

 the United States has come to a point in its history when agriculture must be 

 given the same chance as any other type of production. The greatest unde- 

 veloped source of the nation is its people, and the rural population has not had 

 proper development along the lines of education, credit, business organization, 

 sanitation, and social activities. 



Marketing- of farm produce for greatest profit under present market sys- 

 tems, G. O. Virtue {Ann. Rpt. Nebr. Bd. Agr., 1913, pp. 297-306) .—The author 

 claims that the cost of marketing may be lessened by reducing the cost of trans- 

 portation through better country roads and by marketing products in a more 

 finished form and direct to the consumer. It is a question in his mind whether 

 the farmer gains anything by holding his produce for better prices, as he con- 

 siders that the speculator with his greater knowledge can do this better than 

 the farmer. 



A farm-management survey of three representative areas in Indiana, 

 Illinois, and Iowa, E. H. Thomson and H. M. Dixon {U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bui. ^1, 

 pp. Jf2, figs. 10). — This bulletin is the result of a survey of 700 farms located in 

 Indiana. Illinois, and Iowa. 



Some of the more important conclusions reached were that the average labor 

 income of farm owners was $408, and of tenants $870, in addition to the house 

 in which they lived and the farm products used in the home. The landlords 

 received an average of 3.5 per cent on their investment. The tenant's income 

 was in direct proportion to his capital, size of farm, and education. It is stated 

 that modern machinery, with the use of more horses and fewer men, has made 

 the farms of less than 100 acres an inefficient unit. Farms that provide work 

 for the farmer and his sons and permit of the best use of men, horses, and 

 machinery were the most profitable. The yield per acre averaged about 2 per 

 cent higher on farms operated by owners than those operated by tenants. The 

 average labor income of 214 owners having common school education was $301, 

 and of 186 tenants $742; of the 46 owners and 51 tenants having high school 

 education $651 and $1.26S, respectively; and of the 9 owners and 6 tenants 

 having college education $796 and $1,721, respectively. 



