482 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOBD. 



bovine tyi)e. when kept in fully developed cultures at 40 to 50* F., may remain 

 infectious to guinea pigs for from 7 to 19 months. The number of bacilli sur- 

 viving in such cultures is relatively small. Many tubercle bacilli from easily 

 cultivated strains which fail to multiply on fresh culture media will multiply 

 in guinea pigs. In one of the experiments one-fifteenth hundredth of the mass 

 which failed to grow on glycerin agar was still capable of producing generalized 

 tuberculosis. 



*' Of the 2 strains tested side by side, the bovine was more resistant than the 

 human strain. This may be in part accounted for by the fact that the human 

 type produces much more acid in 5 per cent glycerin bouillon than the bovine 

 tyi^e after 2 to 4 weeks of growth. It may also be due to a greater inherent 

 resistance of the bovine type. In all experimental studies bearing on the 

 behavior and fate of tubercle bacilli in the animal body, the character of the 

 culture must be taken into account and its history should be known. 



Do bovine tubercle bacilli occur in the sputum of tubercular human sub- 

 jects? E. WtJRMLiN {Kommen im Sputum von Phthisikern bovine Tuberkel- 

 haziUen vorf Inaug. Diss., Tierdrztl. Hochsch. Dresden, 1911, pp. 72; abs. in 

 Centhl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AM., Ref., 53 {1912), No. 20, p. 616).— In this investiga- 

 tion 44 strains of bacteria were isolated from the sputum of 24 human subjects ; 

 and 30 of these were examined. Guinea pigs were injected with 0.01 gm. of 

 the pure cultures, and in 18 cases the guinea pigs remained sound. In 12 

 instances, however, the tubercle bacilli were more or less strongly virulent, and 

 9 of the strains produced a low grade of pulmonary and glandular tuberculosis. 

 As a result of the tests 27 strains were pronounced to be of the human type, but 

 the author was not able to state whether the remaining 3 strains were of the 

 human or bovine type, consequently the problem stated in the title is un- 

 answered. 



About the growth and virulence of the causative organisms of fowl 

 tuberculosis, W. Carl (Arch. Path. Anat. u. Physiol. [VircJiow], 207 {1912), 

 No. 1, pp. lJfO-148; abs. in Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. Abt., Ref., 53 {1912), No. 20, 

 p Q22). — Among a number of strains of tubercle bacilli, one showed a very dry 

 growth on glycerin agar, and in this respect resembled the human type of 

 bacillus. The characteristics were maintained after growing for 2 years. In- 

 oculating the material produced an increase in virulency. Two rabbits treated 

 with the original material died from generalized tuberculosis 8 days postin- 

 fection, the one with miliary tuberculosis of all organs. In contrast to this 

 one guinea pig succumbed to a local tuberculosis, and another became gen- 

 erally tubercular after 158 days. A guinea pig treated with the material from 

 the latter animal died in 136 days. A third generation produced an infection 

 only of the regional lymphatic glands. A fowl fed with the raw material did 

 not become sick. Intraperitoneal injections into 4 chickens resulted in typical 

 fowl tuberculosis. 



The tuberculin tests for tuberculosis in cattle, E. T. Hallman {Michigan 

 Sta. Spec. Bui. 62, pp. 3-8). — This bulletin, which is written in popular style, 

 discusses the factors which led up to the use of tuberculin for diagnosing 

 tuberculosis, the preparation of tuberculin, arranging the animals for tuber- 

 culin testing, making the test, and interpreting the results of the subcutaneous 

 thermal test. In addition the intradermal and ophthalmic tests are described. 



Extracts from the state live stock sanitary laws are included. 



New experiments in connection with the vaccination of cattle against 

 tuberculosis, A. Calmette and C. Gu6rin (Awn, Inst. Pasteur, 27 {1913), No. 2, 

 pp. 162-169; abs. in Jour. Compar. Path, and Ther., 26 {1913), No. 1, pp. 

 88-90). — The experiments reported deal with the excretion of tubercle bacilli 



