510 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



" The gummy substance, or pentosan, in the bark portion of the stem is made | 

 up largely of xylan and araban. with a small quantity of methyl pentosan." 



Progress made in the manufacture of beet sugar in 1912, E. O. von Lipp- 

 MANN (Chem. Ztg., 37 {191S), No. 19, pp. 193-195) .—This deals with the 

 progress made in the agricultural, technical, chemical, and other phases of this 

 industry. 



METEOROLOGY— WATER. 



Reports on agricultural meteorology (In.st. Inteniat. Agr. [Rome], Actes 

 4. AssemWee Gen., 1913, pp. 395-459). — Reports presented at the Fourth Gen- 

 eral Assembly of the International Institute of Agriculture of Home in May, 

 1913, by L. Dop of France, W. N. Shaw of England, Kuster of Germany, P. Rey 

 of France, and P. Broounoff of Russia are given. These reports deal more par- 

 ticularly with the organization of agricultural weather services in the countries 

 named. 



Agricultural meteorology, M. Yranzo (X. Cong. Intcrnat. Agr. Gand, 1913, 

 Sect. 2, Question 2, pp. 8). — This article advocates particularly more complete 

 systems of meteorological observations and a thorough distribution of forecasts. 

 It proposes especially the establishment of a system of " regime types " of 

 weather, the effects of which in a given region have been carefully worked out. 

 It is thought that by the use of this system the transmission of weather fore- 

 casts can be greatly simplified and extended. 



The method of forecasting proposed by Guilbert is approved, but its full ap- 

 plication is not considered possible without a great extension of international 

 observations reported to a central bureau. 



A short list of more recent publications bearing on this subject is given. 



Means of making weather forecasts more useful in the open country, E. 

 Vanderlinden (X. Cong, hitcrnat. Agr. Gand, 1913, Sect. 2, Question 1, pp. 

 7). — A general plea is made for the wider dissemination of popular information 

 relating to meteorology so that farmers may have at least a sufficient scientific 

 knowledge of the subject to interpret the weather maps. An increase in sec- 

 ondary stations so that the necessary information may be given out promptly 

 locally is recommended, particularly for Belgium. 



Report of the Iowa Weather and Crop Service for 1912, G. M. Chappel 

 (Iowa Yearbook Agr., 13 {1912), pp. 1-4S, fig. 1). — This report summarizes data 

 contained in the monthly and weekly bulletins issued by the Iowa Weather and 

 Crop Service in cooperation with the Weather Bureau of this Department. The 

 data were obtained from the 118 cooperative meteorological stations in the State 

 and from the U. S. Weather Bureau stations at Des Moines, Davenport, Dubuque, 

 Charles City, Keokuk, and Sioux City, Iowa, and Omaha, Nebr. 



Division of meteorology, N. Helme (Rhode Island Sta. Rpt. 1912, pp. 215- 

 230). — Daily observations at Kingston on temperature, precipitation, wind, and 

 cloudiness for each month of the year ended June 30, 1912. are summarized in 

 tables and notes. The mean annual temperature was 46.8° F. ; the maximum 

 98°, July 10, 1911 ; the minimum — 10°, February 11, 1912. The annual precipi- 

 tation was 59.87 in,, the number of clear days 150, and the prevailing direction 

 of the wind west. 



English climate and some of its variations, W. Marriott (X. Cong. Intemat. 

 Agr. Gand, 1913, Sect. 2, Question 2, pp. 5). — Observations on temperature, 

 rainfall, rain days, clouds and humidity, sunshine, and winds at all of the 

 meteorological stations in England and Wales during the 30 years 1881-1910 are 

 briefly summarized in this article to indicate the characteristic features of 

 Engish climate and some of the more important variations to which it is 

 subject. 



