ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 4G7 



Feeding stuffs {VcrsJay. en Medcd. Dir. Landb. Dcpt. Landh., Nijv. en 

 Handel, 1913, No. 5, pp. 28-40). — This includes iinalyses as to the protein and 

 fat content of linseed cake, rape cake, cotton-seed meal, peanut cake, sesame 

 cake, soy-bean cake, coconuf cake, palm-nut cake, corn germ cake, gluten meal, 

 and molasses cake. 



Phosphate feeding to animals, A. Gouin and P. Andouard (Jour. Agr. Prat., 

 n. ser., 25 (1913), No. 26, pp. 809, 810).— The authors disagree with the general 

 conclusions of previous investigators that the natural phosphates are not 

 assimilable by the animal body. They state that this depends mainly upon the 

 age of the animal and cite the assimilation of phosi)horus salts by young animals 

 in their Skeletal growth. 



The growth of animals, C. J. Davies (Live Stock Jour. [Londo7i], 78 {1913), 

 Nos. 2065, p. 435; 2066, p. 459; 2067, p. //S.3).— The approximate average in- 

 crease in height or weight of various growing animals during the first 6 months 

 is given as follows: Fourteen-hand horse, i in. per week in height at withers; 

 cattle 2 lbs. daily; sheep, goat, and pig, 8 oz., 6 oz., and 12 oz. daily, respectively; 

 St. Bernard dog 8 oz. daily, field spaniel 2 oz., Scottish terrier 1 oz., toy spaniel 

 } oz. ; cat, rather more than i oz. per day ; rabbit, large varieties J oz., small 

 varieties i oz. daily; guinea pig, 1* oz. per week up to 4 months old, when 

 growth slackens; fowl i oz. per day, more or less according to breed ; duck I oz. 

 per day ; and pigeon, nearly h oz. daily during the first month. 



Economic factors in cattle feeding. — III, A review of beef production in 

 the United States, H. W. Mumford and L. D. Hall {Illinois Sta. Circ. 169, 

 pp. 28, figs. 6). — The previous numbers of this series have been reported 

 (E. S. R., 28, pp. 72, 365). 



The authors review the history and development of the beef production indus- 

 try in America, beginning with the early part of the nineteenth century in 

 southern Ohio, thence throughout the Mississippi Valley, and finally by reason 

 of the extension of railroads and the invention of the refrigerator car and tin 

 can into the remote western States. While the period from 1867 to 1900 shows 

 an increase in the number of cattle on farms and ranges of 48,000.000 the last 

 decade has shown a slight decrease. This decrease is accentuated by the rapid 

 increase in population, the proportion of cattle to population being 75 per cent in 

 1910 as compared to 84 per cent in 1890. The valuation of cattle in the United 

 States has increased $129,000,000 in 7 years, but the export of meat products 

 has been reduced to an almost negligible amount due to home consumption. 



Data taken from the Thirteenth Census are cited to show that while 

 more than two-thirds of the cattle other than milch cows are west, more than 

 two-thirds of the population are located east of the Mississippi River. Chicago 

 and cities west of there have developed as the great cattle markets of the 

 country. Kansas City outrivals all other centers as a feeder market, both as 

 to the actual number shipped out and the proportion of feeders to total ship- 

 ments. Statistics gathered in 1903 « indicated that only one-half of the 

 13.000,000 cattle marketed for slaughter that year were slaughtered in large 

 central markets. 



It is shown that while there has been a decrease in the number of cattle on 

 the range, this section is undergoing a transition which may result in increased 

 production in the future. 



Reviewing the cattle situation in Mexico and Canada the authors do not 

 regard these countries as being immediately available as sources of meat supply. 

 It is believed that the Southern States offer abundant opportunities for the pro- 

 motion of stock raising. 



" U. S. Dept. Com. and Labor, Bpt. Comr. Corporations on Beet Indus., 1905, pp. 

 XXXVI + 315. 



