VETERINARY MEDICINE. 479 



Precipitation In meat poisoning-, with an observation In reg-ard to the 

 occurrence of hemolysins against sheep blood corpuscles in paratyphoid 

 B-Gartner antiserum, A. Rotiiackeb {Ztschr. Immunitdtsf. u. Eupt. Ther., I, 

 Orig., 16 (1913), No. 5-6, pp. 491-503).— An antiserum for paratyphoid B and 

 Gartner bacilli may be produced if a mixture of these organisms is injected into 

 rabbits. The precipitating reagents so produced act specifically witb an extract 

 made from the flesh of animals dying from meat poisoning, and with an extract 

 of a mixture of the paratyphoid B and GUrtner bacilli. Boiled meat extracts 

 give positive but less defhiite results. The best results are obtained with 

 acetone-sodium chlorid extracts of the meat. The complement fixation reaction 

 Is deemed of no value for the direct determination of either of the two-named 

 organisms in meat. A marked increase in hemolysin for sheep corpuscles (not 

 for mail, boviues, or guinea pigs) is noted as a result of the treatment with 

 paratyjilioid B and GJirtner bacilli. 



Suprarenal glands and toxi-infections, A. Marie (Ztschr. Imniunitdtsf. u. 

 Expt. Ther., I, Orig., 11 {1913), No. 4, pp. 420-J,31).— The results show that 

 natural or synthetic adrenalin will neutralize tetanus antitoxin in vitro, but 

 when in the presence of substances which can be easily oxidized, like hemoglobin, 

 the neutralization is somewhat inhibited. The suprarenal glands, whether in 

 the form of an emulsion made from the powder, or a glycerin extract, have no 

 neutralizing effect upon the toxins. The extract also destroys the neutralizing 

 power of adrenalin in vitro. The alkaloid of the suprarenal glands also neu- 

 tralizes diphtheria antitoxin, but none of the neutralizing powers was observed 

 in vivo. 



About the action of formaldehyde and salicylic acid on the formation of 

 botulinus toxins, R. H. Saltet and J. Zeehandelaar {Pharm. Weekhl., 48 

 {1911), No. 50, pp. 1337-1340; abs. in CentU. Bakt. letc], 1. Am., Ref., 55 

 {1912), No. 8, p. 229). — Alkaline bouillon cultures of Bacillus totulinus were 

 given subcutaneously to guinea pigs with lethal results. When, however, the 

 culture medium was treated with formaldehyde 1:20,000, or with sodium stili- 

 cylate 1 : 2,500, and then injected, the animals remained alive. 



The experimental production of pernicious anemia in rabbits. H. M, 

 Adler {Jour. Med. Research, 28 {1913), No. 1, pp. 199-226) .—Fat in the form of 

 olive oil or cotton-seed oil was found to be toxic to rabbits, if fed in sufficiently 

 large quantities. The toxicity of cotton-seed or olive oil depended upon its con- 

 tent of unsaturated fatty acid. The more unsaturated the fats fed, the greater 

 the toxic effect. Long continued daily feeding of nontoxic doses of oil produced 

 blood crises resembling pernicious anemia, as well as extreme emaciation. 

 Long continued feeding with nontoxic doses of quinin protected rabbits against 

 the effects of fat intoxication, probably because of an effect upon the lymphoid 

 tissue. The anemia thus produced is probably due to a destruction of red cells 

 in the blood vessels of the abdominal organs rather than to a direct effect upon 

 the bone marrow. This effect, being at the periphery in respect to the blood- 

 forming organs, acts as a stimulant to the bone marrow and, as a result, high 

 red blood counts are encountered. The hemolytic substance, being a fat, is not 

 capable of true solution in the body fluid, and is therefore present in the body 

 in the form of more or less finely divided colloidal particles. 



" The hemolytic effect is not a uniformly diffused one, but is dependent upon 

 the meeting of a particle of hemolytic fat with a red cell. The degree of injury 

 to the individual cell depends upon the size and number of particles acting upon 

 it. The anemia is. therefore, not one uniformly affecting the red blood cells. 

 The red cells show all possible variations from well-colored and normally 

 formed individuals to extreme achromia, etc. The manifestation of the toxicity 



