HORTICULTURE. 441 



the protein content and the weight of 1,0C)0 grains, high protein being more or 

 less parallel with flintiness and with lightness of grains." 



In studying the effect of disturbing the soil due to removal, transportation, 

 and replacing, it was shown that " the crops from the plats which had been 

 taken up in 3-in. layers and replaced had approximately the same physical and 

 chemical characteristics throughout as the crops from the corresponding plats, 

 which had not been thus disturbed. On the other hand, it is shown that the 

 climatic factors collectively have a strong determining influence, especially 

 upon the crude protein content, the ash content, and the percentage of phos- 

 phoric acid in the ash. The results from this experiment thus harmonize with 

 the findings previously published, namely, that environment rather than what 

 has been usually termed heredity is the major factor in determining the physical 

 and chemical characteristics of the wheat crop. They indicate, further, that it 

 is the climatic environment which exercises the primary influence of the envi- 

 ronmental factors." 



Breeding work with alteniating wheat, M. Seevit {Monatsh. Landw., 6 

 {1913), No. 6, pp. 173-183, figs. 7).— Negative results are reported with experi- 

 ments in which efforts were made during 1910 and 1911 to increase the yield 

 of a variety of wheat which may be seeded alternately as a spring and a winter 

 wheat. 



On the stability of a dwarf variety of wheat, P. de Vilmorin (Jour. Ge- 

 net ics, S (1913), No. 1, pp. 67-76, pi. 1, figs. 8). — In this paper the author gives 

 results of selections, covering a series of years, of dwarf plants from a variety 

 of common wheat. The dwarf character seemed to be dominant to the large 

 character, but gave a ratio of 2 : 1 instead of 3 : 1, as might have been expected. 



[Wheat production] (Ann. Rpt. III. Farmers' Inst., 17 {1912), pp. 277-299). — 

 Experiences in wheat growing, in which the yields reached 46.8 bu. per acre, 

 are here related by E. W. Johnson, A. A. Hinkley, and others. An address on 

 How Breeding Will Help Wheat Production in Illinois, by L. H. Smith, is 

 included. 



The employment of sulphuric acid for the destruction of weeds in the 

 wheat field, E. RAEATf: (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst-Centre), 33 (1912), Nos. 

 U, PP- 568-572; ^5, pp. 591-595; 1^6, pp. 629-636, figs. 11).— After trials of 

 sulphate of copper, sulphate of iron, and sulphuric acid in varying strengths, 

 the author concludes that sulphuric acid in 6, 8, or 10 per cent solutions (the 

 degree of strength depending upon local conditions) is the most satisfactory 

 spray to use. The solution was applied at the rate of 1,000 liters per hectare 

 (107 gal. per acre) and killed most of the annual weeds, but it did not per- 

 ceptibly retard the growth of the wheat although the lower leaves were killed. 

 This solution had the advantage of being effective in 3 or 4 hours, while the 

 salt solution required 3 or 4 days. The sulphuric acid solution also had a 

 fertilizing effect on the soil. 



A complete description of the method of application and the apparatus used 

 Is also given. 



HORTICULTURE. 



Biennial report division of horticulture (Oregon Sta. Bui. 115, pp. 50, figs. 

 7). — This bulletin comprises the two following substation reports: 



First biennial report, substation, Umatilla Experiment Farm, Hermiston, 

 Oregon, R. W. Allen (pp. 5-46). — The author discusses the methods of pro- 

 cedure since 1909 in preparing the land at the substation for experimental 

 purposes; outlines the experimental work in soil fertility, cover crops, irriga- 

 tion, cultural and variety tests of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals; and 



