VETERINARY MEDICINE. 581 



Tuberculosis in animals, A. E. Mettam {Dept. Agr. and Tech. Instr. Ireland 

 Jour., 13 {1912), No. 1, pp. 114-126).— This Is a clear statement of the facts 

 regarding tuberculosis under the following headings: Cause, methods of infec- 

 tion (inoculation, iuhalatioii, Ingestion, urlnogenital) ; dissemination of virus, 

 diagnosis, clinical examination, and the elimination of tuberculosis from 

 infected herds. 



Memorandum on tuberculosis in relation to the cattle industry, J. R. 

 Campbell (Dept. Agr. and Tech. Instr. Inland Jour., IS (1913), No. 2, pp. 

 235-23S). — A summary of facts relating to the part which tuberculous cows 

 play in the transmission of tuberculosis to man, especially in milk. This article 

 is based on the findings of the Royal Commission, but more especially upon 

 Mettam's paper noted above. 



Tubercle bacilli in the circulating- blood, E. Querner {Miinchen. Med. 

 Wchnschr., 60 (1913), No. 8, pp. 401-JfOJf; al)S. in Deut. Med. Wchnm-hr., 39 

 {1913), No. 11, p. 522). — The sediment obtained from the blood of 37 chronically 

 infected human subjects was injected into animals for the purpose of detecting 

 the virulent tubercle bacillus. Negative results were obtained, and the findings 

 of Rumpy are criticized. 



Some further investigations in reg-ard to open liver tuberculosis in the 

 bovine and pig", E. Joest and M. Ziegleb {Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. 

 Haustiere, 14 {1913), No. 1, pp. 9-40, pis. 3). — ^As a continuation of previous 

 work '*, tlie authors report this data on the presence of tubercle bacilli in the 

 bile of tuberculous animals for the purpose of establishing the manner in which 

 the tubercle bacilli enter the bile and to make a histologic study of the tuber- 

 culous focuses found in the liver, with particular reference to the biliary chan- 

 nels. 



The work was carried on with the livers of 130 bovines and pigs from the 

 Dresden slaughterhouse. In 26 cases guinea pigs treated with bovine bile died 

 prematurely as a result of the administration of the toxic bile. These animals 

 were not included in summing up the results of the experiments. Of the re- 

 maining 104 livers 76 (53 hogs and 23 bovines) came from animals having a 

 local infection of the liver, and the remaining 28 came from 24 hogs and 4 

 bovines having a generalized tuberculosis. In 15 out of the 104 cases tubercle 

 bacilli were detected in the gall bladder. In local tuberculous cases the ani- 

 mal test with guinea pigs showed positive in 8 instances (7 bovines and 1 

 hog), and in the generalized tuberculous cases in 7 instances (3 bovines and 

 4 hogs). 



A tuberculous liver is supposed to be a greater factor for the expulsion of 

 tubercle bacilli than the presence of bacilli in the arterial blood stream. Great 

 stress is laid upon the significance of liver (open) tuberculosis as a factor In 

 spreading the disease among animals. 



About the elimination of tubercle bacilli with the bile of tuberculous 

 bovines and goats, C Titze and K. Jahn (Arb. K. Gsndhtsamt., 45 {1913), 

 No. 1, pp. 35-58). — These experiments are along the same lines as those reported 

 by Joest and P'.mshoff (see above), Calmette and Gu^riu (E. S. R., 21, p. 6S3), 

 and others, and include the study of 36 bovines and 4 goats. 



In the experiments it is shown th.it tubercle bacilli when exposed to the 

 action of bile for 4 days lose none of their virulence. Twenty-six of the bovines 

 under examination were cases of spontaneous tuberculosis and 11 of these 

 were found with the guinea pig test to contain tubercle bacilli in their bile. 

 Six of these showed pathologic changes in the liver, and 4 showed changes In 

 the portal lymph tract. In the remaining animal, a 7-year-old, well-nourished 



"Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 10 (1911), No. 4, pp. 197-206. 



