588 EXPEEIMENT STATION KECOED. 



as to be easily disconnected and moved to different parts of tlie field. Trials 

 of these systems showed tliem to be fairly satisfactory but relatively expensive. 



Causes of ineflaciency of irrigation, A. S. Gibb (Engin. Rec, 68 (1913), No, 

 22, pp. 608, 609, fig. 1). — In an investigation of the causes which influence the 

 economical application of irrigation water on a large irrigation system of the 

 Punjab in India, it was found that the degree of liberality of water allowance 

 is the main factor causing the rapid rise of underground water level and con- 

 sequent water logging of the soil and the waste of large quantities of irriga- 

 tion water. To remedy these conditions it is concluded that a little can be 

 done by educating all the cultivators up to the standard of the best and by sub- 

 dividing the lands so as to suit the most economical discharge of water, but 

 that much more can be effected by increasing the accuracy with which the 

 water is distributed to the lands of the cultivators. 



Silting in the Shabshir and Ikhnawai canals, K. O. Ghaleb (Cairo 8ci. 

 Jour., 7 (1913), No. 84, pp. 194-200, pis. 3, fig. 1). — Mechanical analyses were 

 made of the silt samples taken at various points in the deposits in these canals, 

 from which the nature and cause of the silting and the necessary remedies 

 were determined. 



Metal flumes for irrigation canals, F. W. Hanna (Engm. News, 70 (1918), 

 No. 22, pp. 1017-1079, figs. 6). — This article deals with the factors governing the 

 design and construction of 3 general types of semicircular metal flumes, namely, 

 the rough transversely corrugated interior, semirough interior, and the smooth 

 interior types. Methods of metal flume design and construction employed on 

 the Boise Irrigation project are described. 



Drainage and irrigation: Approximate formula and table for proportion- 

 ing priming pumps for centrifugal pumping plants, C. R. Sessions (Engin. 

 and Contract., 40 (1913), No. 23, pp. 628, 629, fig. i).— An approximate formula 

 is derived and tables given to serve as a guide in properly proportioning or se- 

 lecting an air pump for priming centrifugal pumps. 



Drainage, W. O. Hotchkiss, E. M. Griffith, and E. R. Jones (Rpt. Conserv. 

 Com. Wis., 3 (1912), pp. 52-60, fig. l).—lt is stated in this report that the 

 marsh lands which it is possible to drain in Wisconsin comprise nearly 3.000,000 

 acres, or about 7.8 per cent of the total area of the State. The three possible 

 uses to which these lands may be put are discussed as for agricultural pur- 

 poses, for sources of peat, and for reservoirs for the regulation of stream flow 

 both for the benefit of water power and the prevention of floods. Recommenda- 

 tions are made regarding suitable changes in the drainage laws of the State. 



The drainage of wet and marshy lands for agricultural purposes, E. R. 

 Jones (Rpt. Conserv. Com. Wis., 3 (1912), pp. 61-67). — In connection with the 

 drainage of swamp lands the author points out the agricultural value of muck 

 and peat. 



Soil drainage, A. G. McCall (Fruit World Austral., 14 (1913), No. 4, pp. 

 98-104, figs. 12). — This briefly reviews the fundamental and practical con- 

 siderations in proper soil drainage, calls attention to the benefits derived from 

 the draining of alkali soils, and includes an article on good effects of tile drain- 

 age, by R. M. Dolve. 



A method of making rough estimates for roads in hilly country, J. D. 

 Maitland-Kirwan (Indian Forester, 39 (1913), No. 10, pp. 477-486, figs. 5).— 

 The operation of a handy instrument for use in preparing estimates for roads 

 running along moderately steep hillsides in cut is described. 



Economic results of surface tarring, E. Guglielminetti (Good Roads, n. 

 ser.. 6 (1913), No. 10, pp. Ill, 112).— In a paper presented at the Third Inter- 

 national Road Congress, London, it is concluded that surface tarring does not 



