HORTICULTURE. 643 



sible that the hot dry weather shrivels and devitalizes the pollen, rendering it 

 incapable of properly fertilizing the pistils. The fact that the apples proceed 

 to develop without pollination is attributed to the extraordinary vigor of growth 

 in the Imperial Valley. 



The composition of irrigated and nonirrigated apples, J. S. Jones and C. 

 W. CoLVER {Jour. Agr. Sci. [Eni/IaruJ], 5 (lOl.i), Xo. .',, pp. J,2.'f-Jf2S).—ln this 

 paper the authoi's sumnmrize the results secured with apples in their study of 

 hardy fruits growing in both irrigated and nonirrigated se<'tions (E. S. R., 

 29, p. 23G). 



Peach culture, C. F. Niven {Sout?i CanjJind Stu. Cite. 21 {liU.i), pp. 3-11). — 

 This circular contains popular directions for starting and caring for a peach 

 orchard. 



The pollination and fertilization of pear blossoms, E. E. Pescott {Fruit 

 World Austral., 15 (WW, No. 2, pp. 35-38).— In this article the author calls 

 attention to the importance of cross-pollination and the presence of Insects for 

 securing abundant crops of pears, and presents data secured in r> different 

 seasons .showing the various pears which bloom concurrently with important 

 varieties grown in Victoria. 



The vine in ancient times, R. Billiard {La Vignc d-ans VAntiquite. Lyon, 

 1913, pp. V 111+560, pis. 16, figs. 181).— An account of the vine and vine hus- 

 bandry in ancient times, the subject matter being based upon an extensive 

 bibliographical research as well as archeologic explorations in various countries. 



In part 1 consideration is given to the paleontology, prehistory, and myth- 

 ology of the vine ; vineyards and wines of antiquity ; some vicissitudes of ancient 

 viticulture; economic phases of ancient viticulture; legal phases of the exploi- 

 tation of the vine in Greece and in Italy; and commerce and uses of wine. In 

 part 2 ancient viticulture is compared with modern viticulture, consideration 

 being given to climate and soil ; methods of reproduction ; vineyard manage- 

 ment; varieties; cultural practices with respect both to soil and vines; insects 

 and diseases; wine pressing; wine making; and storage of wines. 



A bibliography of cited literature is included. 



Viticulture in the sandy soils of Mexico, J. de Ban6 and M. Santa-Maria 

 {La Viticultura en los Terrenes Arenosos de la Republica Mexicana. Mexico, 

 1913, pp. 131, pis. 49). — A practical treatise on the production of table, wine, 

 and raisin grapes, prepared with special reference to extending the industry 

 in the sandy soils of Mexico. 



The American cranberry, P. Boodt {Dept. Landb., Xiju. en Handel [Xethcr- 

 lamls], Verslag. en Meded. Dir. Land!)., No. 6 {1913), pp. 138-156, fig. 1).—A 

 general descriptive account is given of the cranberry and its culture in America, 

 together with an account of the present status of cranberry culture on the 

 island of Ter.schelling. 



Citropsis, a new tropical African genus allied to Citrus, W. T. Swingle 

 and Maude Kellerman {U. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 1 {1914), No. 

 5, pp. 419-436, pi. 1, figs. 7). — A botanical study of Engler's subgenus Citropsis 

 which includes the African species of Limonia. 



In the light of their own investigations the authors conclude that these 

 African cherry oranges, as they are here called, are related to Citrus rather 

 than to the Asiatic species of Limonia. They have, therefore, raised the sub- 

 genus Citropsis to generic rank. Various species of Citropsis are here described. 



Some grafting experiments conducted under the direction of the authors 

 show that the Citropsis species can be budded easily and grown well on all the 

 commonly cultivated species of Citrus. One species at least, Citropsis schiccin- 

 furthii, appears to be well adapted to poor, sandy soils in Florida, hence its 



