550 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



"The killing efficiency of a given method or of a given poison can, there- 

 fore, be very accurately measured by the calyx efficiency in the first brood. 

 The killing ' efficiency ' of a given spray is a much better measure of its value 

 than the percentage of wormy apples in the orchard. The efficiency of a 

 given spray on the first brood can be accurately measured without regard to 

 the number of worms in an orchard or the method of checking, provided there 

 are no more worms than apples. 



"The first calyx si3ray (first spray) is by far the most valuable single spray 

 that can be applied, killing 98 per cent of all worms entering the calyx during 

 the year, and over 99 per cent of those in the first brood. This spray alone 

 will not control seriously infested orchards, but must be combined with other 

 sprays and banding. 



"The standard poisons at the usual strengths (lead arsenate 5* lbs.) are 

 not any stronger than are necessary to do efficient work. They cost less than 

 one-half cent per box of apples. It is false economy to cut down the strength 

 of the poisons." 



Tests of the relative efficiency of the various sprays showed under extremely 

 wormy conditions an efficiency with 5 lbs. lead arsenate of 100 per cent at the 

 calyx and a total of 90 per cent for the first brood, and of 98 per cent at the 

 calyx for the second brood. The corresponding efficiencies with 2h lbs. arsenate 

 of lead were 98, 80, and 80 per cent ; with 5 lbs. of a proposed new proprietary 

 compound 74, 45, and 46 per cent, and with 2* lbs. of this compound 53, 74, and 

 17 per cent. 



On the comparative effects of arsenic and lead in compounds employed 

 in combating" the Cochylis, L. Moreau and E. Vinet {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 

 [Paris], 156 {1913), No. 11, pp. 906-908; Rev. Vit., 39 {1913), No. 1007, pp. 

 489, 490; ahs. in Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant 

 Diseases, 4 {1913), No. 6, p. 967). — Repeated observations by the authors and 

 others ^ of the fact that Cochylis larvae which escape destruction from arsenate 

 of lead are small, weakly, yellow, and capable of effecting very little injury, 

 while in neighboring plats treated with other insecticides the surviving larvre 

 are at the same time normal, well-developed, and as strong as control speci- 

 mens, led to the investigations here reported. Applications of arsenate of 

 zinc, arsenate of lime, lead acetate, and lead carbonate, as well as arsenate of 

 lead, were made at the time of emergence of the first larvae and again 8 or 10 

 days later. 



By weighing the larvae from the sprayed plats it was found that the effect 

 was largely due to arsenic. The mortality was larger where arsenate of lead 

 was employed than with the other arsenical sprays. 



Wine traps for the Cochylis moths, L. Moeeau and E. Vinet {Compt. 

 Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 157 {1913), No. 23, pp. 1158-1160).— The authors 

 conclude that traps of wine are only of value as a supplement to other measures. 



The gray larch roller in the Upper Engadine {Schweiz. Ztsclir. Forstic, 

 64 {1913), No. 2, pp. 48-53).' — This paper relates to Steganoptycha pinicolana. 



A galleriine feeding in cacao pods, H. G. Dyab {Insecutor Inscitiw 

 Menstruus, 1 {1913), No. 5, p. 59). — Tineopsis theol)rom<e n. g. and n. sp. is 

 said to have been reared from the cacao bean at Pittsburgh, Pa. 



The tobacco splitworm, A. C. Morgan and S. E. Crumb {U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Bui. 59 {1914), pp. 7). — Experimental rearings of the larvae of the potato-tuber 

 moth on tobacco, etc., and of the tobacco splitworm on potato tubers, etc., have 

 shown that there is no perceptible difference in the period of development, in 

 habits, or in the behavior of the two forms on a given food plant that could be 

 ascribed to the differenet origins of the individuals. The known food plants 



"Rev. Vit, 35 (1911), p. 39. 



