556 EXPERIMENT STATION KECOED, 



tents ; while tlie grain kept in 10-oz. duck passed through the test in absolutely- 

 perfect condition. These tests were carried on surrounded by extreme infesta- 

 tion of grain. 



Twenty-eighth report of the state entomologist, 1912, E. P. Felt (Unw. 

 State N. Y. Bui. 547 (WIS), pp. 265, pis. U, figs. 7^).— Field work witli the 

 codling moth was continued (E. S. R., 28, p. 156) and the results of the 

 previous 3 years' work satisfactorily confirmed. Spraying during 1912 was 

 confined to young and moderate-sized Ben Davis trees, a power spray being 

 used. A check or unsprayed tree produced only 38.95 per cent of sound fruit, 

 while sprnyed trees yielded from 97.53 to 99.53 per cent of worm-free apples. 

 Another plat similarly treated comprised larger trees and produced from 95.17 

 to 98.77 per cent of sound fruit. The results are presented in tabular form. In 

 a commercial orchard at Arlington from 97.87 to 98.77 per cent of all the fruit 

 sprayed was worm-free. 



" Taking the check or unsprayed trees with their 98,952 apples or approxi- 

 mately 247i bbls. as the standard, we find that one spraying in the first period 

 reduces the number of wormy apples by 28,150 (70i bbls.) or end wormy alone 

 by 20,341 apples (50f bbls.). The one late spraying 3 weeks after blossoming 

 takes 15,854 apples (39^ bbls.) from the wormy column and but 12,546 apples 

 (31J bbls.) from the end wormy. The 2 sprays, one given just after blossom- 

 ing and the second about 3 weeks later, reduced the number of wormy apples 

 by 28,686 (72^ bbls.) and the end wormy by 20,441 (51 bbls.). This latter is 

 not very different from the returns given by the first timely application, and 

 in connection with the data for one late spray, shows at once that the latter is 

 comparatively inefficient, so far as controlling codling moth is concerned. The 

 3 treatments, one spraying just after blossoming, a second about 3 weeks later, 

 and a third the latter part of July, eliminate from the wormy column 30,081 

 apples (75 bbls.) and from the end wormy 20.458 apples (51 bbls.). . . . The 

 second spraying resulted in a gain of only li bbls., while 3 sprayings produced 

 an additional gain over the 2 of but 2f bbls., or a total gain over that secured 

 from one application of 4| bbls. The one late spraying eliminated only 39^ 

 bbls. from the wormy column, a saving of approximately four-sevenths." 



In a discussion of the Hessian fly the author reports upon losses in New York 

 State in 1912, parasites, preventive and remedial measures, etc. An account of 

 the fall army worm includes a bibliography of 43 references. In an article on 

 the elm leaf beetle it is pointed out that it will feed upon poisoned foliage only 

 v^'hen compelled by hunger and that as a consequence thorough spraying is 

 necessary to secure satisfactory results. Summarized accounts of white grubs 

 and June beetles (Lachnosterna spp.), the hickory bark borer (Eccoptogaster 

 quadrispinosa), and the pear thrips, their life history, injuries, and control 

 measures, follow. 



Experimental investigations of the effect of insecticides on the hickory bark 

 borer are said to give sufficient data to warrant a continuance of the work, 

 particularly with a preparation of oil or carbolic acid for the purpose of destroy- 

 ing the beetles or the recently hatched grubs before they have had an oppor- 

 tunity to bore any distance from the egg chambers. 



Studies of the life history of the queen blow fly (Phormia reglna) show 

 that from 12 to 24 hours are required for the incubation of the eggs, that the 

 first larval stage lasts about 3 days and the second stage 2 to 3 days, while the 

 period of active feeding in the third stage is limited to about 3 days, though the 

 transformation to puparia may not occur until 3 days later. Observations on 

 the Georgian flesh fly (Sarcophaga georgina) show that the second larval stage 

 lasts about 4 days and the third stage 3 days, the prepupal condition persisting 

 for about 6 days, the insects remaining in puparia 22 to 23 days. 



