660 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



arsenate of lead is more injurious to the bark than tanglefoot alone. Gas tar 

 lias been highly recommended by various workers, but has never proved suc- 

 cessful in our work and has injured the trees to some extent. We could not 

 recommend its use on young trees. Pyroligneous acid, in addition to proving 

 ineffective in keeping out borers, will very likely prove too expensive for large 

 plantings. Rubberoid roofing paper, sheathing paper, and newspapers have not 

 proved effective barriers, primarily because of the difficulty in making the 

 union between the wrapping and the tree tight enough to prevent the entrance 

 of the larvae. Should the above purpose be effected the probable outcome would 

 be that the larvae would enter above the wrapping. The work of attaching 

 protectors of any kind is a considerable item of expense. Wire protectors rust 

 out quickly, are expensive, and do not protect. Wood veneer cracks and warps 

 and a tight union is an impossibility; it is ineffective in keeping out borers. 

 White lead and linseed oil has injured the bark on some of our trees and can 

 not be depended on to prevent the entrance of the larvae. White lead, linseed 

 oil, and arsenate of lead is unsatisfactory, as it injures the bark to an appre- 

 ciable extent. It does not prevent the entrance of borers. White lead, linseed 

 oil, and lead chromate presents the same difficulties as the foregoing. All paint 

 mixtures caused a blackening of the outer bark and gummosis, in addition 

 to the fact that they were ineffective in keeping out borers. Concentrated lime- 

 sulphur (commercial brand) h:is been highly recommended at various times, 

 but in the author's experience with it on young trees it has not proved effective 

 in keeping out the borers. The practice of spraying the crowns after the 

 * worming ' to prevent fungus trouble is a good one." The addition of arsenate 

 of lead to concentrated lime-sulphur apparently does not add to the effectiveness 

 of the material. Atomic sulphur and arsenite of zinc and Hale's wash killed 

 the trees on which they were applied and are strongly condemned. Quaintance 

 wash, made from glue, builder's hair, and lime, was proved ineffective and 

 undesirable from a laborer's standpoint. Arsenate of lead scaled off too 

 quickly to be effective. Fish-oil soap rosin is not lasting enough nor is it 

 effective for even a short period. Fish-oil soap and arsenate of lead besides 

 being too easily washed off caused gummosis, probably due to the arsenical. 



An annotated bibliography of 14 pages arranged chronologically is appended. 



The sandwich caterpillar (Agriophara rhombota) (Indian Tea Assoc, Sci. 

 Dept. Quart. Jour., 1912, No. 1, pp. 2-5). — This caterpillar is said to occur com- 

 monly throughout the tea districts of northeastern India, occasionally becoming 

 a serious pest. 



The cabbag-e webworm, a pest of cabbage and allied plants, R. W. Jack 

 {Rhodesia Agr. Jour., 11 (1914), No. 3, pp. 416-422, pi. i).— This Rhodesian 

 pest is thought to be same as our imported cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis). 



Leaf miners of the Hawaiian Islands, O. H. Swezet (Proc. Hawaii. Ent. 

 8oc., 2 (1913), No. 5, pp. 221-227).— Of the leaf miners here treated 21 belong 

 to the Lepidoptera, 4 to Diptera, and 2 to Coleoptera. 



The coconut beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros and Rhynchophonis fernigineus, 

 I. H. BuEKiLL (Gard. Bui Straits Settlements, 1 (1913), No. 6, pp. 176-188).— 

 This paper discusses the present status of these pests and control work in the 

 Straits Settlements. 



Bark beetles (Ipidae) which injure useful tropical plants, M, Hagedobn 

 (Tropenpflanzer, 17 (1913), Nos. 1, pp. 43-51; 2, pp. 99-104; 3, pp. 154-160; 4, 

 pp. 211-216; 5, pp. 266-270, figs. 19).— This paper deals with 42 bark beetle 

 enemies of 19 different useful plants, including 1 species which attacks cotton, 

 7 species which attack coffee, 8 species which attack cacao. 11 species which 

 attack various species of rubber trees, 2 species which attack sugar cane, etc. 



