690 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Gravel concrete cubes unprotected by a bituminous surface coat were complete 

 failures under medium and heavy traffic, but when protected by such a coat 

 they served satisfactorily under light traffic. Vitrified pipe clay cubes laid on 

 concrete with grouted joints wore well under heavy automobile traffic and 

 medium team traffic. 



Local clay ash cubes laid on macadam base with sand joints withstood light 

 traffic. Vitrified shale cubes laid on a macadam base with wide sandy loam 

 joints stood medium traffic, and when laid on a macadam base with close joints 

 filled with sand or clay loam and oiled or tarred they stood heavy traffic. 



It is concluded that concrete cubes at the present cost can compete economi- 

 cally in only a few cases with macadam. Vitrified shale cubes can compete 

 economically with brick roads for the lighter travel, and will probably be able 

 to compete economically with bituminous macadam in many localities in the 

 near future. 



Regulations for accident prevention in the use of electricity in agriculture, 

 NoETEL (Mitt. Deut. Landw. GeselL, 28 {1913), Nos. 20, pp. 296-298; 21, pp. 

 310-314). — ^A set of rules and regulations are given and various protective 

 arrangements described for the prevention of accidents in the use of high ten- 

 sion electrical power in agricultural work. 



Fuel and lubricants for internal combustion engines, B. H. Arnold {Gen. 

 Elect. Rev., 16 {1913), No. 10, pp. 708-713, figs. 2; West. Engin., 3 {1913), No. 5, 

 pp. 369-373, figs. 2). — A discussion is given of the antecedents of gasoline and 

 naphtha as well as of their use in order to show why the specific gravity indi- 

 cates vei-y little of the relative suitabilities of various gasolines and naphthas. 

 The subjects taken up in the discussion are petroleum, its occurrence, com- 

 position, and refining, the use of gasoline and naphtha in the engine, speci- 

 fications and purchase, and the possibilities of other liquid fuels including 

 alcohol and benzol. Under the subject of lubrication it is concluded that the 

 practical working test is by far the best and surest means of determining the 

 merits of a lubricating oil. 



Hay and grain elevator, Graf {Deut. Landiv. Presse, 40 {1913), No. 89, p. 

 1062, figs. 2). — ^A grain and hay elevator, consisting essentially of an endless 

 chain fitted with carriers for hay or sacks of grain which operates in a vertical 

 shaft, is diagrammatically illustrated and described. 



Methods of hitching horses, M. Ringelmann {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser., 26 

 {1913), No. 43, pp. 530-532, figs. 4)- — Methods and devices for hitching horses 

 in stalls, which permit both vertical and lateral freedom in feeding, resting, 

 and lying down, are illustrated and described. 



Water supply, plumbing, and sewage disposal for country homes, R. W. 

 Trullingee {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 57 {1914), PP. 46, figs. SS).— This bulletin 

 treats in a simple manner of (1) water supplies with reference to their sani- 

 tary aspects, (2) pumping, storage, and distribution of water, (3) simple and 

 durable plumbing systems, and (4) the safe and satisfactory disposal of sewage 

 and waste. 



In a detailed discussion of the contamination of farm water supplies and 

 dangers resulting therefrom, such supplies are divided into three classes, which 

 in the order of their liability to pollution are surface supplies, shallow under- 

 ground supplies, and deep underground supplies. The construction and use of 

 cisterns, cistern filters, and of a water still for household use are described and 

 illustrated, as are also types of wells and methods of sinking; and methods of 

 protection for deep and shallow wells and springs. Attention is called to the 

 frequent pollution of both deep and shallow w»lls from local sources, and it is 

 stated that the safety of water supplies when near sources of possible surface 

 pollution often depends largely on the character and quality of the material 

 from which they are obtained. 



