FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 669 



flours examined, the bread yield of different sorts of flour, malt preparations, 

 a substitute for solid fat, yeast, dried milk preparations, equipment, and 

 similar topics. 



The composition of various milks and their adaptability for infant feed- 

 ing, F. Agcaoili (Philipinne Jour. Set., Sect. A, 8 {1913), No. 3, pp. 141-150, 

 pi. 1). — A comparative analytical study of milks used for infant feeding in the 

 Philippines, including human, carabao's, goat's, cow's milk, Australian cr-eam, 

 and various brands of sterilized, condensed, and dried milk. Directions for 

 modifying milk are given. 



The biolog-ical significance of phosphoiais to the growing organism. — II, 

 Analyses of organs with respect to the content of phosphorus and intra- 

 cellular ferments, M. Masslow {Biochcm. Ztsclir., 56 {1013), No. 3, pp. 174- 

 194)' — Continuing the report of previously described experiments with labora- 

 tory animals (dogs) fed on diets varying as to the amount and character of 

 phosphorus provided (E. S. R., 30, p. 465), the author gives in detail the 

 amounts of total inorganic and organic phosphorus and of phosphates found 

 In the organs of the different animals and also the amounts and functional 

 energy of catalase, lipase, amylase, and diastase in brain, liver, kidneys, heart, 

 and lungs. 



From the results he concludes that the addition of inorganic phosphorus to 

 a diet lacking in organic phosphorus is of no service to the organism, which 

 first draws upon its reserves of phosphorus and then shows a decline similar 

 to that of phosphorus starvation. Inorganic phosphorus and glycerophosphates 

 appear to be resorbed but not to be capable of taking part in the formation of 

 complicated combinations in the body cells. Similarly the amount and func- 

 tional energy of the intracellular ferments appear to be adversely affected by 

 a lack of organic phosphorus in the diet. 



Respiration and cell energy, H. A. Wageb {Tran^. Rx)y. 8oc. So. Africa, 

 2 {1912), pi. 5, pp. 405-418; als. in Bot. GentU., 123 {1913), No. 4, p. 86).— 

 Respiration, the author points out, " is not a function of any particular organ 

 of a body but is a process going on in each individual cell. Thus, the lungs 

 should not be called the organs of respiration — they are only accessory organs. 

 The kidneys might just as well be considered as further organs of respiration 

 in so far as they remove the decomposition products indirectly from the 

 respiring cells, and the heart in so far as it pumps the respiring medium 

 through the body," 



From the digest of data presented, dealing chiefly with reference to vegetable 

 life, the following conclusions were drawn : 



" The energy required in the metabolism of colorless cells is not obtained 

 from the sum either directly or indirectly. The protoplasm in colorless cells 

 only uses energy set free by some chemical union taking place either in the 

 cell or by the introduction of external elements into the cell. In no case is en- 

 ergy obtained by the decomposition of substances in the cell, as indeed energy 

 is required to bring about such decomposition. Energy is not required for 

 synthesis of compounds for which chemical affinity is responsible, although 

 undoubtedly chemical affinity is inextricably connected with energy. No plant 

 substance contains a store of directly available energy. Respiration is not a 

 process apart from nutrition. The term respiration should be used exclusively 

 to mean the interchange of gases taking place in each individual cell. . . . 

 Water is the respiratory medium of a large number of the living cells in trees." 



A formula for the determination of the surface area of infants, J. How- 

 lAND and R. T. Dana {Amer. Jour. Diseases Children, 6 {1913), No. 1, pp. 33- 

 57; ahs. in ZentU. Biochem. u. Biophijs., 15 {1913), No. 12-13, p. ^S-}).— A 

 formula is given which is a modincation of one used for aduJts. 



