678 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



and the fermentation processes involved in creamery practice, of tlie types of 

 bacteria, and of the fungi of yeasts and molds; part 2 deals with sanitation 

 in the creamery, the normal and abnormal microflora of milk, the preservation 

 of milk and method of handling for direct consumption, the processes of milk 

 souring in the creamery, the normal and abnormal microflora of butter, the 

 bacteriology of cheese making, and the judging of milk. 



Modification of the composition of cow's milk by medicinal means, O. 

 Lanzoni (Clin. Vet. [Milan] Rass. Pol. Sanit. e Ig., 36 (1913), A^05. 1, pp. 11-23; 

 2, pp. 58-69). — Experiments by the author indicate that the composition of 

 milk may be materially modified by the effects of such drugs as sodium sul- 

 phate, magnesium sulphate, rhubarb, aloes, and arsenic. This alteration may 

 consist in a loss of nutrients, due to a decrease in the total solids, or in an 

 excess of casein, rendering the milk less digestible. 



A study of the milk of Porto E-ican cows, W. J. Lucas, R. del Valle 

 Sarraga, and J. R. Benitez (Jour. Indus, and Engin. Chem., 6 (1914), No. 1, 

 pp. 22-24). — This is a report o.f work giving the first of a series of analyses to 

 be made for the purpose of determining a standard for Porto Rican milk. 



The native Porto Rican cow gives only a small yield of milk, due to a deteri- 

 oration of the strain, improper milking methods, and insuflacient food. It was 

 found that the milk may vary within wide limits as regards total solids and fat 

 content and may run exceptionally high in solids-not-fat, ash, lactose, and refrac- 

 tion of copper serum. Guinea grass seems to be the best adapted as a pasture 

 for cows, the fat content averaging considerably higher in the milk from cows 

 so fed. 



Seventh annual report of the B. C. Dairymen's Association (Ann. Rpt. 

 B. C. Dairymen's Assoc, 7 (1912), pp. 83, pis. 4, figs. 7).— Papers included in 

 this report are as follows : The dairy sire, improving the dairy herd, business 

 methods for the dairy farmer, dairy inspection, management of the dairy cow, 

 community breeding, cow testing associations, and milk and its products in 

 relation to public health. 



Report of milk inspector, 1912, J. O. Jordan (Arm. Rpt. Health Dept. 

 Boston, 41 (1912-13), pp. 71-141, pls. 6, figs. 2).— This report relates to the 

 consumption of milk in the city of Boston, the production of certified and in- 

 spected milk, sanitary precautions, bacteriological and sanitary inspection meth- 

 ods and results, investigation of milk contaminated with pus and streptococci, 

 and examination of ice cream samples. 



The municipal reg-ulation of milk supply, E. O. Jordan (Jour. Amer. Med. 

 Assoc., 61 (1913), No. 26, pp. 2286-2291).— In a study made of the municipal 

 regulations of the milk supply of cities in the United States of over 25,000 popula- 

 tion, it was found that the requirement of a permit or license is practically uni- 

 versal in all cities of over 50,000 inhabitants, while some of the cities in the 

 25,000 to 50,000 group require no permit and a considerable number have no 

 ordinance regulating the sale of milk in any way. Dairy farm inspection of 

 some sort is carried on by the great majority of cities, though the frequency of 

 inspection is very irregular. Thirty-three per cent of the cities require that 

 the tuberculin test be applied to herds furnishing milk. Bacterial standards 

 for raw milk ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000 have been established by the 

 large majority of cities with over 100,000 population, while cities in the 25,000 

 to 50,000 group usually lack these requirements. About 30 per cent of the cities 

 with over 100,000 population have half or more of their milk supply pasteurized. 

 There is a general absence of any regulations dealing with the pasteurizing 

 process. 



It is shown that in the ten years 1902-1912 there has been an average increase 

 in the retail price of milk in all parts of the United States of from 2 to 3 cts. a 



I 



