ANIMAL PRODUCTON. 767 



1, fig. 1). — This article deals with worlc done with a previously described calo- 

 rimeter of the Atwatoi-Rosa-Benedict type (E. S. R., 27, p. 367). Besides a de- 

 tailed description of the apparatus, including a bicycle ergometer, the methods 

 and formulas used in calctilating results are given at length. 



A bicycle ergometer and respiration apparatus for the experimental study 

 of muscular work, A. Krogu {Skand. Arch. PhyHol., SO (1918), No. 4-6, pp. 

 815-304, figs. 5). — The author describes a bicycle ergometer of special construc- 

 tion for recording and determining; muscular work. This was used in connec- 

 tion with a respiration apparatus of the closed-circuit type which will record 

 quantitatively the pulmonary ventilation and the oxygen absorption. 



"The CO2 percenta^^je of the 'alveolar expired air' Is not identical with the 

 average COj tension in the alveoli but generally lower. 



*• The composition of the alveolar expired air can be calculated from the vol- 

 ume and composition of the total exi)ired air when the dead space of the subject 

 has been determined, but the average COa tension in the alveoli can not at 

 present be determined with certainty, especially during muscular work." 



ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



Heredity and sex, T. H. Morgan {New York, 1918, pp. IX -{-282, figs. 121). — 

 The chapters in this book are as follows: The evolution of sex; the mechanism 

 of sex determination ; the Mendelian principles of heredity and their bearing on 

 sex ; secondary sexual characters and their relation to Darwin's theory of sexual 

 selection ; the effects of castration and of transplantation on the secondary 

 sexual characters; gynandromorphism, hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, and 

 sex ; fertility ; and special cases of sex inheritance. 



Breeding operations, J. Fabmeb {Ann. lipt. Punjab Vet. Col. and Civ. Vet. 

 Dept., 1912-lS, pp. 9, iO).— This relates to the production of cattle, sheep, 

 horses, and donkeys in the Punjab. A statement is given showing the average 

 cost of feed, keep, attendance, etc., of horse, pony, and donkey stallions. 



Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Natural His- 

 tory), R. Lydekkeb {London, 1913, vol. 1, pp. XVII-\-249, figs. 55).— This book 

 deals with a part of the family Bovidse, including cattle, sheep, goats, serows, 

 and related ruminants. 



Winter steer feeding, 1912-13, J. H. Skinner and F. G. King {Indiana Sta. 

 liul. 167 {1913), pp. 3-JfS).—A continuation of work previously noted (E. S. R., 

 28. p. 670). 



Three lots of 10 grade Shorthorn steers each, weighing approximately 830 

 lbs. each and grading as good to choice light feeders were fed during a 180- 

 day period a basal ration of shelled corn and cotton-seed meal, lot 1 receiving 

 clover hay, lot 2 corn silage, and lot 3 clover hay and corn silage as roughage. 

 The addition of silage to a ration of shelled corn, cotton-seed meal, and clover 

 hay decreased the grain consumption 2.38 lbs. and the hay consumption 7.84 

 lbs. daily per steer, reduced the cost of gain 1.18 cts. per pound, but did not 

 greatly affect the rate of gain on the cattle. The substitution of corn silage 

 for clover hay in the ration reduced the com consumption 2.25 lbs. daily per 

 head, and the cost of gain 1.2G cts. per pound, but reduced the rate of gain 

 0.11 lb. daily per steer. Corn silage detracted slightly from the finish of the 

 cattle. Lot 1 returned a profit, including pork produced, of $10.98 i:>er head; 

 lot 2 of $18.50 per head ; and lot 3 of $15.41 per head. 



Comparing two lots of similar steers receiving a basal ration of shelled corn, 

 cotton-seed meal, and corn silage, it was found that the substitution of oat 

 straw for clover hay did not produce any marked effect on the appetites, gains, 

 or selling value of the cattle but reduced the cost of gain 42 cts. per 100 lbs. 



