DAIEY FAEMING DAIRYIKG. 773 



an X-chromosome In Barred Plymouth Rock males, because: (1) It Is present 

 in spermatocytes of both orders; (2) a statistical study of Barred Plymouth 

 Rock cells in comparison with those of tlie hemipterau Philwnus spumarius 

 shows that it is present in too few I spermatocytes and in too many II sperma- 

 tocytes, or vice versa; (3) it Is Btill present in too few cells, if it should be 

 interpreted as one of those rare cases where the odd chromosome divides in 

 either the I or II spermatocyte division; (4) It varies In shape; (5) It varies 

 in size; (6) it varies in number; (7) In no single ceils is It of such a shape or 

 size, or in such a position, that It could not readily be interpreted as anything 

 else than an X-chromosome." 



The crest of the chicken and duck. — Its cause, fonnation, ajad inheritance, 

 F. Kbautwald (Die Haubc der Huhner und Enton. Ihre Uraache, Entstehung 

 und Vercrbung. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1910 pp. 168, figs. 17). — Studies were 

 made of the peculiarities of feather crested types of domestic poultry. It was 

 found that fhis condition only occurred In the domesticated breeds, and Is an 

 outgrowth of the cuticle which envelops the head. This portion thickens and 

 becomes coarsely vascularized. 



The crest is feathered, but the feathers which are of normal make-up are 

 larger and in greater numbers, thus accounting for the characteristic feathered 

 tuft on the crested fowl. With chickens the crest occurs in the frontal region, 

 whereas in ducks it is to be found in the parieto-occipital region. With chickens 

 it takes the form of a congenital Internal hydrocephalus, while with ducks it is a 

 congenital occipital encephalocele. In the former case the crest is not com- 

 pletely ossified and is half globular In form, forming a frontal protuberance. In 

 the latter case the skin covers a hole in the lambdoid region. The crest is an ex- 

 ternal manife.'^tatlon of a pathological disease which develops in the embryo, 

 and its situation, size, and nature depend upon the situation and degree of the 

 disease. The crest is present in the downy chick and is inherited, the same as 

 other accompanj'ing skull peculiarities. It has become a permanent race char- 

 acteristic of some breeds of chickens, but is not a permanent feature with the 

 duck. 



Eg-g-laying competitions at Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Ex- 

 periment Farm, Richmond, New South Wales, D. S. Thompson (Dept. Agr. 

 N. S. Wales, Fanners' Bui. 70 {19 IS), pp. 19, figs. 11). — This material has been 

 referred to from another source (E. S. R., 29, p. 472). In addition Is noted 

 "the ostablishnieut of a new world's record for first-year laying" by a pen of 

 six Indian Runner ducks, laying 1,601 eggs averaging 31 oz. per dozen. 



Care and mai'keting of eggs, compiled by H. E. Upton {Dept. Agr. Brit. 

 Columbia Bui. 55 {191S), pp. 15, figs. 5). — Directions are given for the care, 

 storage, preservation, and grading of eggs, with suggestions on methods of 

 marketing. 



DAIEY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Nutrients required for milk production, C. H. Eckles (Missouri Bta. Re- 

 search Bui. 7 {1918), pp. 9I-I4O).— This bulletin Is a continuation of studies 

 previously reported (E. S. R., 26. p. 475). 



" The object of tlie Investigation was to secure data regarding the require- 

 ments for milk production by cows yielding milk of varying richness. Data are 

 presented giving the feed consumed, with chemical analyses, and of milk pro- 

 duced with analyses for 8 cows for an entire year. The milk of these cows 

 range'd from 3.4 to 6.09 per cent fat. Data of 2 other cows are included for 

 shorter periods. These cows were all fed a ration of practically the same 

 comix)sition. The quantity fed was regulated so as to maintain a uniform 



