HORTICULTURE. 739 



songbt to determine whether pure strains of garlic may be isolated by selection 

 and whether having once secured these strains any further improvement could 

 be obtained by selection. Ilis results indicate that strains can be selected from 

 a population of garlic plants which have a definite nnniber of cloves to the entire 

 bulb. Selection within these strains based on the weight of the bulbs appears 

 to be of no value. 



Varying- valence of the characters of Pisum sativum as the blooming 

 period progresses, E. Ziderbaukr {Zlftchr. Pflanzcnziirht., 2 {191Jf), No. 1, pp. 

 1-26, figs. 6). — The author presents the results of a study of Fi and Fa crosses 

 of the garden pea which were conducted to determine what influence the cross- 

 ing of even and uneven aged blooms has upon the offspring. Direct and 

 reciprocal crosses were made between a green wrinkled-seeded variety and a 

 yellow smooth-seeded variety. Crosses were also made between oven aged 

 blooms and early, middle season, and late blooms. 



Although no general conclusions are drawn from the author's work the results 

 are offered as a preliminary contribution to the subject of variability in char- 

 acter valence. Two forms of valence are recognized: Quantitative (niumliche) 

 valence in which the valence of one character in relation to another is com- 

 pared, and time (zoitliche) valence in which consideration is given to the 

 varying valence in individual characters during the blooming period of a plant. 



For the crosses in question it api^ars that one unit of a character pair is 

 either prevalent (dominant) or subvalent (recessive) to the other. Yellow and 

 smooth are prevalent to green and wrinkled. With reference to time valence 

 the valence of any character appears to be at its highest in the early blooms 

 and t.0 diminish continually throughout the blooming period. A character, 

 whether prevalent or subvalent, appears to have a greater influence on the 

 progeny when transmitted by the female parent than when transmitted by the 

 male parent. 



Fruit and veg-etable transportation and storage investigations of the 

 United States Department of Agriculture, A. V. Stubenrauch {Proc. Amer. 

 Warehousemen's Assoc, 23 (1913), pp. 116-142). — ^A paper with the discussion 

 following in which the author reivews some of the more recent investigations 

 of the Bureau of Plant Industry along fruit transportation and storage lines. 



Pruning young fruit trees, H. E. Truax (Arkansas St'Ci. Give. 20 (1913), pp. 

 If. figs. 2). — A popular discussion of pruning methods as employed for young 

 apple, peach, cherry, pear, and plum trees. 



Apple growing (]\lass. [Bd.^ Agr. BnJ. 2, 4. rev. ed. (1913), pp. 230, pis. 25, 

 figs. 27).— The present edition of this bulletin (E. S. It., 21, p. 140) has been 

 revised to include some of the more recent articles relating to apple culture 

 in Massachusetts. A bibliography of literature dealing with various phases of 

 apple culture is appended. 



Apple growing in New Jersey, A. J. Farley (New Jersey Stas. Circ. 30, pp. 

 'S-y, fig- 1)' — This circular comprises a brief discussion relative to the adapta- 

 bility of New Jersey for apple culture, with special reference to favorable 

 climatic and soil conditions. A general list of varieties adapted for commercial 

 planting in the State is also given. 



Marked modifications in the form of pears, P. Passy (Jour. Soc. Nat. Jlort. 

 France, 4. ser., 15 (1914), Feb., pp. 103-105, figs. 2). — The author here describes 

 variations from the typical shape in certain varieties of pears which are grow- 

 ing close together. Comparison of the different normal and abnormal shaped 

 types indicates that xenia has taken place. 



Influence of foreign pollen, A. Otto (III us. Schlcs. Monatschr. Obst, Oemiise 

 u. Gartenbau, 3 (1914), ^0. 3, pp. 4S-50, fig. i).— The author pollinated flowers 

 44429 ''—No. 8—14 4 



