720 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOSD. i 



Among the agencies involved in the formation of mineral deposits prominent 

 consideration is given to discussion of the flow, composition, and chemical vrork 

 of underground waters. Among the examples of greatest agricultural interest 

 selected to illustrate the various genetic groups are the nitrate, potash, and 

 phosphate deposits. 



Disposal of manure, P. M. Hall {Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, 4 (1914), No. J, 

 pp. 58-^2).— This article briefly describes the methods of disposal employed in 

 various cities of the United States and Canada, with special reference to sani- 

 tation. It is shown that these methods are generally inefficient from the stand- 

 point of sanitation and wasteful from the standpoint of use of manure for fer- 

 tilizing purposes. 



The production of guano in Chile, G. Yunge {A'bs. in Internal. Inst. Agr. 

 [Rome], Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 4 {1913), No. 12, pp. 1848-- 

 jS5(^)._The total output of guano in Chile from 1844 to 1909 is stated to have 

 been 229,902 tons. The output in 1910, principally from Punta de Lobos, was 

 12,483 tons, all used in Chile, as export is now prohibited. 



Fertilizer economy in Holland, D. P. De Young (Daily Cons, and Trade 

 Rpts. [U. >Sf.], 17 {1914), No. 34, p. 543).— It is shown that manure and com- 

 mercial fertilizers are freely used in Holland. Often as much as $20 to $30 

 worth of fertilizer is applied per acre annually. Cattle manure sometimes 

 sells for as much as 25 cts. per wheelbarrow load and is, therefore, carefully 

 saved and used. 



Rotation of crops is practiced to some extent but fertilizers are generally 

 deemed sufficient to maintain the fertility of the soil. Deep and thorough til- 

 lage is universally practiced. Lime is freely used. In some cases a mixture 

 of 30 cwt. of su^Derphosphate, 20 cwt. of kainit, and 6 cwt. of nitrate of soda is 

 used per acre. Such liberal applications of commercial fertilizers are gener- 

 ally used only where cattle manure is not available. 



Production and import 'of fertilizers in Russia {Chamlter Com. Jour. 

 [Loi^don], 33 {1914), No. 238, pp. 53, 54).— The statistics of production and 

 import quoted show that there has been a considerable development of the 

 fertilizer industry in Russia in recent years. 



The production of superphosphate in 1912 was 135,000 tons. The importation 

 was 206,856 tons, making the total consumption over three times that in 1908. 

 The importation of Thomas slag was 186,246 tons and the production 36,000 

 tons. The imports of Chilean sodium nitrate was 56,736 tons, the proportion 

 used for fertilizing purposes being unknown but probably one-half. The 

 imports of potash salts amounted to 97,938 tons. There were also small im- 

 portations of other miscellaneous fertilizer materials. 



Recent statistics for the home production of mineral phosphates are not com- 

 plete, but it is estimated that this was 18,473 tons in 1910. 



Commercial fertilizers, 1912 (Off. Rpt. Sec. Ohio Bd. Agr. on Com. Ferts., 

 1912, pp. 235). — Analyses and valuations of fertilizers licensed for sale in Ohio 

 during the year are reported, with general comments on the results and a 

 series of special popular articles relating to fertilizers as follows: Twelve 

 Important Facts a Farmer Should Know When Purchasing Fertilizers, by 

 H. G. Bell ; Important Questions and Answers Relative to the Use of Manures 

 and Fertilizers, The Home-Mixing of Fertilizers, Field Experiments with 

 Fertilizers, Raw Phosphate Rock as a Fertilizer, The Nitrogen of the Fertilizer 

 Sack, What is Lime, and Soil Analysis not a Sufficient Guide to the Use of 

 Fertilizers, by C. E. Thome; Fertilizing Problems, by A. Vivian; Analysis of 

 Commercial Fertilizers, Use of Fertilizers, and The Phosphoric Acid in Phos- 

 phate Slag, by N. W. Lord; and Ammonia or Nitrogen, Filler or Make- Weight 

 Materials, and Potash, by E. E. Somermeier. 



