DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 777 



"Fresh milk will not coaf,'ulate with an equal volume of 68 per cent alcohol. 

 Ninety-four per cent of the samples delivered at the laboratory gave reactions 

 for fresh milk ; the balance was too old for use as fresh milk." '" 



On the compositiou of g-oat's milk, A. Stetteb {Landio. Jahrb., 45 {1918), 

 No. 2, pp. 161-178). — This gives numerous analyses of the milk of different 

 breeds of goats and as reported by various investigators. 



The progress of dairying- in Japan, A. Miyawaki {Hoard's Dairyman, 46 

 {1914), No. 25, pp. 749, 759, figs. 2).— The author states that during the past 4 

 years there has been an increase in the consumption in Japan of condensed 

 milk of 2.66, butter 68.07, and cheese 33.04 per cent. The supply of condensed 

 milk has been largely imported while the butter Is principally of home manu- 

 facture. The domestic production of butter has trebled in the past 4 years. 

 During 1912 the following importations were made: Condensed milk $1,044,- 

 939.50, butter $34,915.50, and cheese $40,331.50. The Importations of dairy 

 products are decreasing while the consumption is on the increase. 



Amounts are given of several of the noted herds of Ayrshires and Holsteins 

 In Japan. 



The butter, cheese, and condensed milk industry {Thirteenth Census U. 9., 

 10 {1910), pp. 557-577).— Of the 8,479 establishments engaged in the industry 

 In 1909, 56.4 per cent reported butter as their product of chief value, 42 per 

 cent cheese, and 1.6 per cent condensed milk. Of the total value of products 

 shown for the combined industry, butter factories contributed 71 per cent, 

 cheese factories 16.1 per cent, and condensed milk factories 12.9 per cent. 



The factories of the industry gave employment to 31,500 persons. The value 

 of products reported for the butter, cheese, and condensed milk industry as a 

 whole was nearly 11 times as great in 1909 as In 1879. Comparing IO09 and 

 1904 statistics it is found that In value of products an increase is shown for 

 each class of establishment, the percentage being 64.5 for the butter factories, 

 51.9 for the cheese factories, and 72 for the condensed milk factories. 



The total production of butter in 1909 was 1 619,415,263 lbs. and of cheese 

 320,532,181 lbs. 



In 1909 Wisconsin was the most important State in the combined industry as 

 measured by the value of products, having displaced New York, which had 

 previously ranked first. Iowa ranked third as regards value of products, Min- 

 nesota fourth, and Illinois fifth. The States showing the highest percentage of 

 increase, 1899-1909, were North Dakota 743.4 per cent, Oregon 670, Idaho 

 662.1, and Missouri 585 per cent. 



Individual ownership controls 39.7 per cent, firm 12, corporations 15.5, and 

 cooperative associations 32.7 per cent of the total number of establishments. 

 Individual ownership represents 22.4 per cent, firm 9.8, corporation 41.3, and 

 cooperative associations 26.5 per cent of the total valuation of products. The 

 greater part of the value of the products of the industry was reported by estab- 

 lishments having products valued at $20,000 or over, these establishments con- 

 tributing 81 per cent of the total in 1909 as compared with 65.3 per cent in 1904. 



Of the 8,479 establishments in the industry in 1009, 12.1 per cent employed no 

 wage earners, 82.5 per cent employed from 1 to 5. and 4 per cent from 6 to 20. 

 The expenses reported for 1909 were distributed as follows: For cost of mate- 

 rials 91.1 per cent, for wages 4.3 per cent; for salaries 1.4; and miscellaneous 

 expenses 3.3 per cent, consisting of amounts paid for advertising, traveling ex- 

 penses, repairs, taxes, insurance, etc. In 1909 34.3 per cent of the total produc- 

 tion of butter reported for the industry was put up in prints and rolls as com- 

 pared with 21.7 In 1899. 



Of the total quantity of cheese made In the factories of the Industry 92.3 per 

 cent was full-cream cheese, 8.5 was part-cream cheese, 2.5 sklmmed-milk 



