780 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



tion technique and dosage ; commercial stock vaccines, untoward effects of vac- 

 cines, and misleading tlierapeut'ic claims regarding them; dangerous recom- 

 mendations, technical objections to marketed stock vaccines (possibility of 

 dangerous contaminations, etd) ; mixed vaccines a makeshift (incompatibilities, 

 etc.) ; ideal vaccine therapy (commercial vaccinee of single species alone de- 

 sirable; preparing mixed vaccines, etc.) ; and vaccines of single species (staph- 

 ylococcus and streptococcus vaccines). 



A portion of the ninth and practically all of the tenth section of the article 

 deals with infections peculiar to man. 



A method for standardizing bacterial vaccines, J. G. Hopkins (Jour. Amer. 

 Med. Assoc, eO {191S), No. 21, pp. 1615-1617, fig. i).— The method consists In 

 measuring the volume of the moist bacteria after centrifugalization in a tube 

 with a graduated capillary tip. 



The importance of crows and foxes in the distribution of anthrax, F. 

 MoLLET (CentU. Bald, [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., 10 (191S), No. 1-2, pp. 19-2S; o6«. 

 in Rev. Bad., S {1913), No. Jf, p. 80). — In experiments in which anthrax bacilli 

 and their spores were fed to crows (Corvvs cor one) and foxes {Cants vulpes) 

 it was found that the bacilli could be cultivated from the feces when anthrax 

 spores had been ingested. The experimental animals did not appear to be 

 affected in any way. 



Experimental insect transmission of anthrax, M. B. Mitzmain (Pul). Health 

 Rpts. [U. S.], 29 (1914), No. 2, pp. 75-77).— In this preliminary note the author 

 records three experiments in which both Stomoxys caJc-itrans and Tatanus 

 striatiLs conveyed anthrax infection directly from infected to healthy guinea 

 pigs. 



Typical organisms were found in the feces of horse flies at various intervals 

 up to 48 hours from the time the infected animal was bitten. " The accumu- 

 lated deposits of 3 tabanids, 2 to 3 days after the infective bites, were injected 

 in a saline suspension into a healthy guinea pig, which died of typical anthrax 

 4 days later. . . . The feces of the stable fly were likewise found to be Infected 

 up to 24 hours after obtaining blood from a sick animal. A nearly pure culture 

 of anthrax was obtained from the droppings of 2 flies fed 24 hours previously 

 on infected material." 



In regard to the limits of infection in flies, an appended note states that since 

 this article was written it has again been proved that S. calcitrans will trans- 

 mit anthrax, and that bacilli may be found in the feces 14 to 17 days, inclusive, 

 and positive cultures obtained from the stomach for 19 days. In the case of 

 T. striatus, which sucked blood direct from the Infected animal, bacilli were 

 found in the feces for a period of 10 days. 



In reg-ard to combating" anthrax, with particular reference to the exami- 

 nation of the vaccines, W. Rickmann and K. Joseph (Ztscfir. Infektionskrank. 

 u. Hyg. Haustiere, IS {1913), No. 7, pp. Jf02-JfSS, figs. 7).— The results show that 

 it is possible to determine the value of an anthrax immune serum with both 

 rabbits and guinea pigs. From a technical standpoint, however, the guinea pig 

 alone Is suited for the exact titration of the serum. Anthrax serum (Hochst) 

 was found to have a pronounced curative property for laboratory animals and 

 the domesticated animals. For this purpose it seems advisable to give the 

 first intravenous injection in conjunction with a subcutaneous injection of the 

 serum. Smaller injections are then given subcutaneously as long as no typical 

 fall in temperature is noted. In establishments where an epizootic is present 

 the serum treatment is the only one which can be recommended. 



The serovaccination method (serovaccine) elaborated by the authors has 

 given good results both in laboratory experiments and in practice. The uni- 

 formity of serovaccine is dependent upon the method used i« Its preparation. 



