786 EXPEKIMENT STATION RECOBD. 



been produced experimentally in other breeds of fowls. In natural cases or 

 following scarification and rubbing in of culture the first symptom noticed is 

 the rapid swelling of the wattles, due to the presence of edema, which may also 

 be found exuding from the surface. Septicemia and death occurs in a certain 

 percentage of cases. The disease usually runs a chronic course with subsequent 

 replacing of the fluid by fibrous tissue, formation of nodules of necrotic mate- 

 rial, and results in the wattle assuming a crinkled appearance. The cause is 

 a Pasteurella, apparently identical with that causing chicken cholera. It pro- 

 duces a septicemia with early death on inoculation into pigeons and rabbits. 

 Entrance is probably through wounds obtained while scratching, fighting, etc. 

 Immunity is attained in chronic cases, which, however, are probably capable 

 of acting as 'carriers.' " 



The cases amenable to treatment by " cropping " of the wattles and the adop- 

 tion of sanitary measures of benefit in suppression of the disease are also 

 discussed. 



Enteritis of birds caused by Bacillus paratyphosus B, R. Manningeb 

 (Centhl. Bakt. [etc.}, 1. AM., Orig., 70 (1913), No. 1-2, pp. 12-U; als. in Rev. 

 Bad., 8 (1913), No. 4, p. 78). — ^An epidemic of enteritis among song birds of the 

 finch tribe in the zoological gardens at Budapest was found to be caused by 

 B. paratyphosus B which is considered to be very closely allied to B. psittacosis. 



Some external parasites of poultry, H. E. Ewing {Oreg. Agr. Col. Bui. 92 

 {1913), pp. 16, figs. 12). — A brief popular account of the more important exter- 

 nal parasites of poultry. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Eng-ineering principles applied to farm irrigation, A. L. Harris {Engin. 

 Netcs. 70 {1913), No. 24, pp. 1172-1175, figs. 5).-— This article calls attention to 

 the present day importance of cooperation between the agricultural engineer and 

 the irrigation farmer. It describes the systematic arrangement and equipment 

 of a farmer's irrigation ditches, taking up topographic survey and map; soil 

 survey ; design and equipment of water conducting system to withstand erosion 

 and so far as possible to be self-cleaning; and improvements to reduce labor, 

 facilitate the operation of irrigating and effect economy of water, time, and 

 land area. 



Flow of water in pipes, E. A. Moritz (Engin. Rec., 68 (1913), No. 24, pp. 

 667-670, fig. 1). — The author presents a new formula and describes its applica- 

 tions to flow in wood-stave, cast iron, riveted steel, and concrete conduits. For 

 wood-stave pipe the formula is Q=1.35 D'-^ ^o.m* ^nd is the same for cast iron 

 and riveted steel, except that coefficients of 1.31 and 1.18 respectively are used in 

 place of the coefficient 1.35. Q equals the discharge in second-feet, D equals 

 the diameter of pipe in feet, and H is the friction loss per 1,000 feet of pipe. 



Wet-mix concrete pipe are classed with the cast iron pipe, and dry-mix con- 

 crete pipe with the riveted steel pipe. Comparisons of this formula with those 

 in standard use show the results to be nearly identical, and it is stated that 

 the cumbersome use of many coefficients is eliminated. 



Irrigation practice, J, S. Welch (Idaho Sta. Bui. 78 (1914), PV- 27, figs. 9). — 

 This bulletin points out briefly the character of work in irrigation practice at 

 the station and reports the results so far obtained by irrigation investigations, 

 and the results of soil management experiments in so far as they relate to the 

 duty of water. A summary of results indicates the following : 



" In the preparation of new lands for irrigation farming careful attention 

 should be paid to proper leveling. . . . Alfalfa should be irrigated by the corru- 



