848 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



A leaf curl of tobacco in Kamerun, K. Ludwigs (Ber. Dent. Bot. Gesell., 

 31 (1913), No. 9, pp. 536-5Jf3, fiys. 4). — A leaf curl of tobacco is discussed which 

 is ascribed to abnormal nutrition resulting from a disi)roportionate water 

 supply. A similar abnormality is said to have been noted in other plants and 

 it is thought likely that still others may be affected in the same way. 



Fing-er-and-toe experiments, A. Manson (North of Scot. Col, Agr. Expt. 

 Leaflet 2Jf (1913), pp. 24, 25). — This report states that where infection was 

 abundant and in the soil only, early preparation of the land for turnips re- 

 duced the disease considerably, but that wiiere the infected manure was ap- 

 plied to the surface in autumn, little difference was noted. Aeration and inso- 

 lation are thought to be important factors in destruction of the infection. 



Finger-and-toe, A. Pardy (North of Seat. Col. Agr. Expt. Leaflet 25 (1913), 

 p^ 52). — The results of the experiments were obscured by a rotting of the 

 turnips due to frosts, but the cheap fungicides and other materials applied to 

 the manure exposed in the drill appeared to have some good results where used 

 in liquid form. Chlorid of lime showed good results. Limewater showed bet- 

 ter results than lime, and copper sulphate and soluble alkalis showed some 

 slight influence. 



Manuring and variety tests with turnips for finger-and-toe disease, A. T. 

 FowLiE (North of Scot. Col. Agr. Expt. Leaflet 2S (1913), p. 102).— Plats dressed 

 with freshly slaked shell lime showed much less finger-and-toe disease than 

 those dressed with an equal quantity of ground lime or limestone, which still 

 showed improvement over the untreated portion. Two varieties of turnip seed 

 were tested for alleged immunity. Both withstood disease better than local 

 seed and gave a satisfactory increase of crops. 



Scab disease of apples, E. Wallace (New York Cornell Sta. Bui. 335 (1913), 

 pp. 54I-624, pis. 11, figs. 4)' — The author describes the disease of apples due to 

 Fusicladium dendriticum, the conidial stage of Venturia incequalis, describing 

 symptoms, importance, etiology, and methods of control. 



This disease, which is generally known as scab in the United States, is also 

 called black spot, scurf, and sometimes rust where it occurs on the leaves and 

 fruit. The life history of the fungus is discussed at length and the author 

 claims that early infection is chiefly, if not entirely, from ascospores. The 

 period of incubation may vary from 8 to 15 days, although as the first crop 

 of ascospores is not all matured and discharged at the same time the source 

 of infection is practically- constant. The earliest infections usually occur on 

 the lower side of the leaves. Some differences in varietal susceptibility have 

 been rejiorted by the. author in common with other investigators, and it is 

 found that certain varieties may be resistant one year and very susceptible 

 the next under conditions which are apparently as favorable one year as the 

 other. 



For the control of the disease various fungicides have been tested and both 

 lime sulphur and Bordeaux mixture have been found efficient if properly ap- 

 plied. Lime sulphur is preferred as usually there is less russeting of the fruit 

 than is the case where Bordeaux mixture is used. The effect of spraying trees 

 while dormant has been tested and two seasons' work did not materially re- 

 duce the amount of scab. Spraying fallen leaves is apparently without benefit, 

 as the spores are protected from the fungicide until after their discharge takes 

 place. The effect of continued spraying year after year is believed to be 

 cumulative, although the author does not report any experiments of his own 

 to confirm this. 



The bulletin concludes with an extensive bibliography. 



The yellow leaf disease of cherry and plum in nursery stock, Y. B. Stew- 

 art (New York Cornell Sta. Circ. 21 (1914), PP- 10, figs. 9). — A brief description 



