RUEAL ECONOMICS. 893 



German stock barns; Economical Building's, l>y F. Jummerspach (pp. 789, 700), 

 which gives plans and sections of buildings; and Laborers'" Dwellings, by F'. 

 Wagner (pp. 71)0-702), which describes, illustrates, and gives plans and brief 

 specifications for dwellings fitted for farm laborers. 



Cheaply constructed tanks, Jj. K. Ward (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 11 

 {1913), No. Jf, pp. Ji'y.i-Jff).'), figs. Jf). — Small cement and rubble and mud-lined 

 tanks are di.iixraiuniatlrally illustrated and their construction briefly described. 



The construction of dipping- tanks for cattle (Rhodesia Agr. Jour., 11 

 (1913), No. 2, pp. 196-206, pis. 3). — Detailed plans, specifications, and sugges- 

 tions to "serve as a model of general applicability" in the construction of 

 dippini; tanks are given, followed by hints on dippin.L^ 



Modem practice in heating and ventilation, X, XII, A. G. King (Dotn. 

 Engtn., 65 {1913), No. 11, pp. 341-3.',3, figs. 7; 66 {1914), No. 1, pp. 6-8, figs. 4).— 

 The first of these articles describes and gives suggestions for the actual in- 

 stallation of the single main or one-pipe system of hot water heating with 

 diagrammatic illustrations. The second gives information regarding forced 

 circulation of hot water in do^mestic heating systems, and describes lay-out 

 methods and methods of figuring connections. 



Sizes of pipe for gravity hot water [heating] systems, ^^. S. Cooley (Dom. 

 Engin., 66 (1914), No. 1, pp. 2-5, fig. 1). — This article gives a chart for deter- 

 mining the proper sizes of piping for a hot water heating system and describes 

 the method by which it was devised and its practical application, including 

 formulas for use under various conditions. 



Good and bad plumbing installations (Dom. Engin., 66 {1914), No. 2, pp. 

 SO-32, figs. 12). — Up-to-date household sanitary fittings are described and 

 illustrated, and good and poor methods of installation discussed. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Rural versus urban: Their conflict and its causes, J. W. Book Walter {New 

 York, 1911, pp. r///-f 2.92). —The author maintains that through lack of coordi- 

 nation in the growth and expansion of agriculture and other industries in 

 the United States there has been a wide disparity in the distribution of the 

 total created wealth between the rural and urban population. It is claimed 

 that if the Government, by a judicious distribution of public lands, had main- 

 tained a proper coordination there would yet remain a large and untouched 

 domain of fertile lands which would guarantee peaceful thrift and industry 

 thronghout the nation. 



The church and the rural community, W. H. Wilson (Amcr. Jour. Sociol., 

 16 {1911), No. 5, pp. 668-693). — ^According to the author there have been three 

 phases of economic experiences in the development of American agriculture, 

 the pioneer, the exploiter, and the husbandman. Each has had its influence 

 on the country church. 



As a few striking exceptions to this general statement, he mentions the 

 Pennsylvania Dutch and Quaker communities. These have been an economic 

 success from their establishment, have eliminated pauperism, and maintained 

 their social organizations. 



The reason given for the decadence of most of the country churches is the 

 wastefulness in the past of the American rural and ecclesiastical economy. 

 In the future, he believes that the church must recognize that religion is the 

 result not only of personal but of social exiierience. A number of successful 

 rural churches are cited and it is maintained that success depends upon church 

 unity and the economic prosperity of the farmer. The ministry of the country 

 church should be trained with these two facts in mind. 



