ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 61 



Glossina palpalis which have fed on an infected animal ; that the flies become 

 infective, on an average, 34 days after their first feed ; that a fly may remain 

 infective for 75 days; that T. dimorphon, T. vivax, and T. nanum may also 

 multiply in G. palpalis, which must therefore be looked upon as a possible 

 carrier in these diseases ; and that multiplication in the tube of the proboscis is 

 characteristic of T. vivax. 



A comparative study of 4 genera of horseflies, J. S. Hine (Ohio Nat., 10 

 (1910), No. 6, pp. 149-151, fig. i).— The 4 genera considered are Lepidoselaga, 

 Selasoma, Bolbodimyia and Snowiellus. These are nearly related in some re- 

 spects but have not been studied before in a comparative way. 



The warble flies, G. H. Carpenter and T. H. Corson {Dept. Agr. and Tech. 

 Instr. Ireland Jour., 10 {1910), No. 4, pp. 642-650, pi. 1, dgms. 2).—Iu this 

 third report of investigations of the life history and treatment of the warble 

 fly (E. S. R., 22, p. 361) the authors give the results obtained during the sea- 

 sons of 190S-9 and 1909-10. These led them to conclude that a systematic 

 maggot destruction in the spring of any year will reduce the liability of the 

 cattle generally to infection, during a succeeding normal summer, by about 35 

 per cent, when no concerted action to destroy the warbles has been taken in 

 the surrounding farms. Tables are presented which show again that yearlings 

 are more liable to attack than are calves and that mature cattle are compara- 

 tively unmolested. 



In muzzling experiments conducted during the summer of 1909, " the leather 

 muzzle was surrounded by a wire cage, with the object of preventing the 

 leather from even touching any part of the calf's body, and so rendering it 

 impossible for the eggs to be sucked in through the small breathing holes." 

 The results led the authors to conclude " that the prevention of licking in the 

 previous muzzling experiments was less perfect than had been supposed, and 

 to admit that these later trials support the view that the maggot (or the egg) 

 may gain entrance to the calf's body by the mouth." They consider squeezing 

 out and crushing the maggots as they mature to be the most effective and certain 

 method of dealing with the pest. Dressing the back of cattle with Archangel 

 tar and paraffin oil in equal proportions is recommended as an alternative to 

 squeezing out. "Maggot-destruction by either method should be done thor- 

 oughly at least twice in the season, about the middle or end of April and at 

 the end of May." 



Combating the ox warble in Denmark, N. Villemoes (Ztschr. Fleisch u. 

 Milchhyg., 20 {1910), No. 5, pp. 169, 170).— A brief report of the work. 



A new flea from California, N. C. Rothschild {Ent. Mo. Mag., 2. ser., 21 

 {1910), No. 244, pp. 88, 89, pi. 1).—A number of fleas taken from Thomomya 

 bottai, San Francisco, have been found to represent a new species, which is 

 described as Ceratophylltis franciscanus. 



Papers on cereal and forage insects.— The cowpea curculio, G. G. Ainslie 

 {U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 85, pt. 8, pp. 129-142, figs. 3).— In this sum- 

 marized account of our present knowledge of the cowpea curculio {Chalcodermus 

 ceneus). the author presents data regarding its life history and bionomics based 

 upon observations made at Clemson College, S. C, during the summer and fall 

 of 1908 and 1909. During that period it was very abundant and destructive in 

 South Carolina, especially in the vicinity of Clemson College. 



" Damage is caused to cowpeas by punctures made in the pods and peas by 

 the adults for the purposes of feeding and oviposition and by the feeding of the 

 larva- within the maturing peas. . . . The distribution of this weevil probably 

 coincides with that of the cowpea, but since the injury to cotton is more notice- 

 able it has seldom been reported from beyond the cotton belt. ... In its breed- 

 ing this curculio seems to be confined almost entirely to the cowpea and closely 



