ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 55 



fairly old trees of A. noUlis, was found infesting Nordmann's firs received from 

 Europe. Mention is also made of the introduction of Ilyponomeuta malinclla 

 into New York on apple seedlings. 



Some insects collected in northwestern Colorado in 1909, T. D. A. Cock- 

 ERELL (Univ. Colo, studies, 7 {1910), No. 2, pp. 126-130).— A list of the Lepi- 

 doptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera collected. 



Seport of the government entomologist for the year 1909, C. P. Lounsbuey 

 (Rpt. Govt. Ent. [Cape Good Hope], 1909, pp. 100).— The author first discusses 

 the import and internal plant and fruit regulations and the nursery inspection 

 and quarantine act. A large area in the southeast of the Colony is still closed 

 to traflic in apple, pear, and quince fruits originating beyond its limits as a 

 means of checking the dissemination of the codling moth. Efforts to secure the 

 establishment of its ichneumonid parasite, Caliephialtes messer, were continued 

 during the year. Three native ichneumonids, Pimpla heliophila, Hymenobos- 

 mina pomonellcc, and another, are known to attack the codling moth larvae in 

 the Colony but do not appear to be checks of much importance. An egg para- 

 site {TricJiogrammoidea lutea) is of much greater importance. 



Fruit-fly puparia, parasitized by a chalcidid that was introduced into western 

 Australia from India, were received in February and April but apparently 

 failed to become established. Ticks supposed to be parasitized by Hunterellus 

 hookeri were received in September from the United States but failed to de- 

 velop parasites. The white peach scale (Aulacaspis pentagona) is kept sufii- 

 ciently suppressed in Cape Colony so that spraying is not necessary. During 

 the year Dacns olew was bred from the common wild olive {Olea verrucosa). 

 It was found that this, the destructive olive fly of Mediterranean countries, was 

 apparently held in check by a braconid parasite. Another species of wild olive 

 (O, fovelata) was found to be attacked by the maggot of a species quite dis- 

 tinct from D. olew. Demonstrations have been made which indicate that the 

 ravages of the fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) may be very easily and cheaply pre- 

 vented by the timely application of light sprinklings of poisoned bait over the 

 trees, as previously reported (E. S. R., 21, p. 655). It is also anticipated that 

 the remedy will serve for the control of the melon flies (Dacus spp.) which 

 cause very serious losses to cucumbers, pumpkins, and other cucurbits. The 

 formula for the bait now being recommended is arsenate of lead 2 lbs., sugar 

 25 lbs., and water 40 gals. 



Considerable attention was given to the alfalfa or lucerne nematode, Tylerv- 

 chus dipsaci {devastatrix). This lives in the parts of lucerne above ground 

 and in numerous other plants, causing malformations and, when present in 

 great numbers, death to the parts affected, if not the whole plant. 



The Argentine ant {Iridomyrmex humilis) is reported to be a pest in many 

 residences from Sea Point to Wynberg in the Cape peninsula and in many of the 

 smaller cities and towns in the southwestern and southeastern parts of the 

 Colony. It is spreading from the towns into the surrounding country, and the 

 author expects it to develop gradually into a really serious pest in orchards and 

 vineyards. It has also become a nuisance in Bloemfontein, Orange River 

 Colony. 



Blastophaga grossoritm, the insect necessary for the natural pollination of 

 edible figs, appears to have established itself at Elsenber, Constantia, and Wel- 

 lington. " The utility of the Blastophaga for other varieties of figs than the 

 4 Smyrna varieties, Calimyrna, Kassaba, Bulletin, and Bardakjik, introduced 

 by the Government in 1903, was demonstrated by its effect on the well-known 

 and popular Castle Kennedy fig at Constantia." 



Detailed accounts are also given of the work against locusts and brief mention 

 is made of the occurrence of fungus diseases. 

 67374°— No. 1—11 5 



