EURAL ECONOMICS. 795 



a little more tban 2,500,000 bu. and in 1910 to 4,983,000 bii. The oat production 

 per acre increased from 10.54 bu. in 1906 to 21 bu. in 1910. 



The total value of agricultural products in 1900 is sbown to be $51,324,000, 

 whereas in 1910, omitting the fruit, trucliing and live-stock industries, melon 

 growing, and all minor divisions, the value had increasetl to $144,169,200. 



The significance of agricultural soil in Germany and the yield from 1885 

 to 1910, II. Dade (Mitt. Dent. Land to. GcscU., 25 {1910), No. 50, pp. 722- 

 724)- — The author points out the significance of agricultural advancement iu 

 Germany and the income obtained from 1SS5 to 1910. Tables are given showing 

 the proportion of landowners, renters, overseers, laborers, etc., in relation to 

 the agricultural population, the relative size of the farms, and the number of the 

 agricultural population for each size. 



Division of estates and the migration from the land, E. Langenbeck (Mitt. 

 Deut. Landiv. GeselL, 26 {1911), No. 10, pp. 116-121). — This article discusses at 

 length the tendency toward the division of estates in certain sections of Ger- 

 many and the migration of the agricultural classes to the large industrial 

 centers. 



The agricultural association and its value to the Philippine farmer, E. A. 

 CoDDiNGTON {Ptiiiippine Agr. Rev. [English Ed.], 3 -{1910), No. 12, pp. 715- 

 725). — The author points out the social, educational, and economic advantages 

 of agricultural organizations of farmers iu the several spheres of farm life in 

 the Philippine Islands, showing what has been done by such organizations in 

 other countries and at the same time the lack of success thus far in the Phil- 

 ippines, which he attributes to the lack of commercial confidence on the part 

 of the people not only in strangers but also in their own countrymen and 

 neighbors. 



[Agricultural organizations and the cooperative movement] {Internat. 

 Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Econ. and ^oc: Intel., 1 {1910), No. 2, pp. XV+ 

 2S3). — This is a continuation of the series previously noted (E. S. R., 24, p. 

 591). The data here given deal with conditions in Germany, Austria, the Otto- 

 man Empire, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Norway, Sweden, Rou- 

 mania, Holland, and Switzerland. 



[Agricultural organizations and the cooperative movement] (Internat. 

 Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Econ. and Soc. Intel, 1 (1910), No. 3, pp. XV+ 

 400). — This is also a continuation of the series noted above, dealing with con- 

 ditions in Germany, Austria, Belgium, Cuba, British India, France, Italy, and 

 Great Britain. 



The report also discusses more fully the recent law in France for individual 

 credit for long periods on behalf of small rural properties. It is contended that 

 this law establishes very important principles upon the subject and will tend 

 to improve the social and economical condition of the peasant class and encour- 

 age them to remain on the farm. 



Agricultural societies, J. Long (Dairy, 23 (1911), No. 265, p. 7).— A list is 

 given of the various societies which are connected with agriculture and allied 

 industries in Great Britain, as prepared by the Board of Agriculture. It is 

 summarized as including 871 agricultural chambers and clubs, 240 live stock and 

 show societies, and 231 agricultural cooperative societies. "There are now 

 32 agricultural cretlit societies in England and Wales, all of which are able to 

 borrow from nonmembers under the Act of 1898. There are also 155 societies 

 whose object is to provide small holdings and allotments to their members. 

 Again, there are 100 agricultural cooperative societies which purchase manures, 

 feeding stuffs, seeds, and other materials, and sell to their members. Among 

 them are dairy, poultry, and egg societies. Cattle insurance societies number 

 61, of which 21 are in Lincolnshire. Horses are the object of insurance in 



